5月10日15：30--15：45Accurate measurements in PV.ppt

Pasan SA ? www.pasan.ch Accurate measurementsin photovoltaics Pasan SA Pierre-René Beljean, CTO Shanghai, May 10, 2008. What are the needs for accurate measurements ? An accurate measurement will lead to better : Manufacturing control Cell match in modules Overall efficiency Money return Prediction of in-site performance Parameters affecting measurement accuracy in PV : Electrical : Electrical calibration accuracy Dynamical behaviour Electro-optical calibration : Confidence to calibration laboratory Optical : Light ununiformity Spectral distribution Calibration of Ref. Cell Light stability Environnment : Temperature Electrical errors : Calibration of each channel (Straightforward !) Dynamical behaviour Time response of each channel Time response of cell to electrical stimulation Time response of cell to light stimulation Electro-optical calibration errors : Calibration of Ref. Cell or module Must be done by recognized laboratories. Tedious procedure needing to know spectral response of the cell. Proper use needs to know spectral response of the module to be tested and the spectral content of light from Sun Simulator. Difficult to obtain better than ± 3 % certified accuracy. Optical errors 1 / 2 : Light ununiformity Current generated by module determined by the least illuminated cell Difference in illumination between Ref. Cell and module directly imputable on global performance measurement. Light spectral content, mismatch factor Different response of module under test and Ref. Cell Varies with module technology and quality of light Critical for multilayer cells, GaAs, etc. due to the disposition of several cells in series, each of them using a part of the spectrum. Optical errors 2 / 2 : Light stability The least important parameter. Light usually monitored in real-time by Ref. Cell. Software allows automatic correction. Temperature : IEC 60904-3 stipulates STC to be 25 °C ± 2 °C, but ± 2 °C means, for typical silicon, ± 0.8 % of power vari