英语演讲Chapter4 Selecting a topic and a purpose.pptx

Chapter4 Selecting a topic  and a purpose;As you read through the book, you will find examples of hundreds of speeches that were delivered in classrooms, in the political arena, in community and business situations. ;1 Choosing a topic;Topics you know a lot about;Topics you want to know more about;But what if you still have trouble of making a topic for your public speeches? Don’t worry, here are some brainstorming procedures you can follow to get started. ;Brainstorming for topics;Personal inventory;Clustering;Internet search;2 Determining the general purpose ;People will fall into one of two overlapping categories– to inform or to persuade. When your general purpose is to inform, you act as teacher or lecture , your aim is to enhance the knowledge and understanding of your listener . When your general purpose is t persuade, you act like an advocate or a partisan , you want to change or structure the attitudes or actions of your audience. ;Once you have chosen a topic and a general to determine the specific purpose of your speech. The specific purpose should focus on one aspect of a topic. You should be able to state your specific purpose in a single infinitive. ;Tips for the specific purpose statement Write the purpose statement as a full infinitive phrase Express your purpose as a statement, not a question Avoid figurative language in your purpose statement Make sure your specific purpose is not too vague or general Choose a specific purpose that is appropriate for your audience Choose a specific purpose you can achieve in the allotted time;4 Phrasing the central idea;Central idea: A one-sentence statement that sums up or encapsulates the major ideas of a speech. The specific purpose of a speech is what you hope to accomplish. The central idea is usually expressed as a simple, declarative sentence that refines and sharpens the specific purpose statement.;Another way to think of your central idea is as your residual message. Most o