表达中的选词.ppt

表达中的选词

Chapter 4 语义翻译 Unit 2 表达中的选词 一、选词与文体的关系 Fowler 兄弟在 the king’s English 一书中提出用词的五条标准: 能用人们熟悉的词,就不用牵强的词; 能用表示具体的词,就不用表示抽象概念的词; 能用单个的词,就不用多个的词; 能用短词、简单词,就不用长词、大词; 能用盎格鲁撒克逊词,就不用拉丁词。 二、词的文体分类 标准英语(standard English)与非标准英语 (口语 colloquial、书面语 literary、正式formal、非正式 informal、俚语slang、古语archaism 等) 文体: Door! Shut the door (please)? I could do without the draught from that door. May we have the door shut (please)? I wonder if you would mind closing the door. I ’m sorry to trouble you, but could I ask you to close the door for me, please. 从命令到客气请求。 谈话对象地位的变化: 家人―――客人、生人 长辈―――同辈或晚辈 上级、同级――― 下级 Different meaning in different style Steed (诗歌用语) 马 horse (一般用语) gee-gee (儿语) cast (文学用语) 掷抛 throw (一般用语) chuck (较随便的用语,俚语) 英汉文体的对等 如: Die 亡、故、卒、弱、逝、殁、殪、毙、殂、陨、薨、崩 亡故 ,物化,谢世,过世,下世, 仙逝,千古,作古,归西,不在, 过去,不禄,见背,牺牲,舍身, 就义,捐躯,捐棺,殉职,殂落, 迁化,永别,老了,没了,完蛋, 毙命,死亡,丧命,阵亡,横死, 送命,夭折,早逝,客死,升天, 圆寂,如灭,驾崩,宾天 回老家,玩儿完,登鬼录,填沟壑,山陵崩 粉身碎骨,见马克思,溘然长逝,寿终正寝,呜乎哀哉,一命呜呼,跨鹤西游,百年之后,三长两短,杀身成仁,舍生取义,马革裹尸,肝脑涂地,死于非命,兰摧玉折,玉楼赴召,地下修文,香消玉殒,倩女离魂 Perish, succumb, suffocate, expire, decease, croak, depart, drown, fall, hang Cease respiration, relinquish life , lose one’s life, emit the last breath, cease to exist, come to naught, meet one’s death, end one’s days, drop dead, be no more Pass away, fade away, go west, keel over, go to glory, return to the earth, fall asleep, rest in peace, close one’s eyes, answer the last call, return to dust, kick the bucket, pay the supreme sacrifice To sleep 长眠 Be no more 没了,不在了 Close one’s eyes 闭眼,合眼 Lay down one’s life 献身 Die a martyr 牺牲 Pass away 去世 与世长辞 Expire 逝世 End one’s day 寿终 To west 归西, Come to a violent death 横死,死于非命 Give up the ghost 见阎王 Kick the bucket 翘辫子,翻白眼 Answer the last call 授命 Abandon the world 谢世 Pay the debt of nature 了结尘缘 Depart to the world of shadows 命归黄泉 Pass over to the great beyond 驾鹤西游 Go to glory 仙逝 Return to dust 入土 Join the choir invisible 入寂,归寂 Release souls from sufferi

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