词汇学第六单元课件——词义的关系.ppt

第六单元 词义的关系 * Sense Relations Sense relations are the meaning relationship between word and word in lexical system , which is the concept meaning of vocabulary. Sense relations have varieties of relations , mainly including synonymy , antonymy , polysemy , homonymy ,hyponymy, taxonomy , partonomy and so on . Any word maybe in many relations, therefore, every word composes of one meaning network in actually . Many sense relations represent the words in vocabulary’s system are not a non-sequence gathering. * Types of sense relations Synonymy(同义关系)---semantic similarity Hyponymy(上下义关系)---semantic inclusion Antonymy(反义关系)---semantic opposition Homonymy(同形或同音异义关系） Polysemy（一词多义关系） Taxonomy（分类关系） Partonomy（部分整体关系） * Synonymy? 1.Definition 2.Types of synonyms 3.Sources of synonyms 4.Discrimination of synonyms * 6.1.1 Definition -Synonymys are different phonological words which have the same or very similar meanings. e.g. end-terminate-close 6.1.2 Types of synonyms Perfect (absolute) synonyms Partial (relative) synonyms * Perfect (absolute) synonyms Perfect (absolute) synonyms are words whose meaning is fully identical in any context so that one can always be substituted for the other without the slightest change in meaning. This kind of synonyms are rare and may be found in special terminology such as compounding and composition in lexicology, malnutrition and undernourishment in medicine * b) Partial (relative) synonymsPartial (relative) synonyms share the nearly same or similar basic meaning, but still denote differences in other meanings, like conceptual meaning and associative meaning, and usages.e.g. change – alter – varyA man changes his habits, alters his conduct, and varies his manner of speaking * 6.1.3 Sources of synonyms a) Borrowing （loaned words） b) Dialects and regional English c) Figurative and euphemistic use of words d) Coincidence with idiomatic expressions * a)Borrowing.  Native Foreign  room