词汇学morphological structure.pptVIP

2）Compounding It refers to the method and device of language to form new words by combining or putting together old words. ① Characteristics of compounds Ⅰ. Phonological Features `green `house----- `greenhouse Ⅱ. Grammatical Features fine art(精细工艺)----finer art red tape(繁文缛节）--- reddest tape hot line(热线)----- hotter line Ⅲ. Semantic Features Compounds differ from free phrases in their semantic “one-wordness‘，i.e. a single semantic unit even though they may be written open. Eg. A green hand, hot dog, ②Common patterns of compounds Noun compounds Verb compounds Adjective compounds Pronoun Compounds 3) Conversion A change in a word class without the addition of an affix is known as conversion. Words produced by conversion are primarily nouns, adjectives, and verbs. 4) Blending Blending refers to the process of combining parts of two words to form a third word which contains some of the meaning of each part. eg. Smog( smoke, fog) motel( motor, hotel) Microsoft(microcomputer, software) sitcom(situation, comedy) 5) Shortening ① Clipping Ⅰ截除词尾：auto-automobile, dorm-dormitory, prof-professor, memo-memorandum Ⅱ截除词首: burger-hamburger, copter-helicopter,van-caravan, wig-periwig(假发), Ⅲ截除首尾: flu-influenza, fridge-refrigerator, script-scription, Ⅳ截除词腰:pacifist-pacificist 注意：1. 词组（或短语）也可以截短：daily-daily paper; finals- final examination; pop-popular music. 2. 截短词所指的事物或概念一般与原词一样，个别词演变出新的词义，fan- fanatic; miss-mistress 3. 截短词与原词同时存在，截短词通用，原词则不常用：lunch-luncheon, movie-motion-picture 4. 截短词相对来说更应用于口语或非正式场合：exam, lab,prof,trig 5. 截短词在拼写时有时稍作改动，以便于发音：bike-bicycle, Coke-Coca-Cola, mike-microphone ② initialism AD- anno Domini, BC-before (the birth of) Christ 注意：首字母缩略词后面不加圆点，英国人不加，美国