语言学绪论-2017.pptx

2016-2017 下 Where does name come from? 语言学地位？ Contents Introduction Chapter 4 Origins of Language 1. Introduction In 1866, the Linguistics Society of Paris banned all studies of all language origin. Unanswerable Complicated In connection with other subjects. 2. Defing the topic The origin - monogenesis theory The origins - polygenesis theory Unified theory of language origin Creole克里奥尔语 Pidgin洋泾浜语 Pidgin language (origin in Engl. word “business”) is nobodys native language; may arise when two speakers of different languages with no common language try to have a makeshift conversation. Lexicon usually comes from one language, structure often from the other. Because of colonialism, slavery etc. the prestige of Pidgin languages is very low. Many pidgins are `contact vernaculars, may only exist for one speech event. Creole (orig. person of European descent born and raised in a tropical colony) is a language that was originally a pidgin but has become nativized, i.e. a community of speakers claims it as their first /mother language. Next used to designate the language(s) of people of Caribbean and African descent in colonial and ex-colonial countries (Jamaica, Haiti, Mauritius, Réunion, Hawaii, Pitcairn, etc.) 2.2 speech or written language? 2.3 Origins of language in general or origins of specific languages? 2.4 the meaning of the word “origin” Cause Source beginning 3. Search for the source 3.1 God is the creator of language. God instructed Adam, the original parent, whose first words were names. Tower Babel 3.2 A spirit resides within human beings. Language originated in two stages: Outcries from feelings and emotions ----sounds had no meaning Sounds were connected with experience ---- the growth of meaning Whistle-and –grunt theory Ouch-ouch theory Pooh-pooh theory 3.3 Language, as an inherent part of nature, is there for humans to discover. The imitated sounds represents the actual sounds. e.