The_Cold_War课件.pptVIP

The Cold War * America and Soviet Russia The Origins of the Cold War When Franklin D. Roosevelt died in April 1945, Harry Truman, his vice president, became president. At that time, although the Second World War had not ended, disagreement and conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union emerged and became more and more intense. These conflicts arose basically from their separate concepts of postwar world order.对战后世界秩序的分歧（美国、前苏联两国的矛盾） Goals of the two countries The United States, greatly expanded and enhanced in its strength in W. W. II, felt it had the power to establish American leadership in the world and open the world market to American goods and capital. So it wanted to break down the Soviet sphere of influence前苏联的势力范围 in Eastern Europe. The Soviet Union, out of its own security concern and fear of capitalist encirclement, 资本主义的包围was determined to keep its hold on the Eastern European countries and to defend its sphere of influence at all costs. The goals of the two countries were contradictory, so they were bound to clash. When the Second World War finally ended in September 1945, the clash of interests of the two countries became clear. The Soviet Union put forward the theory that there could be no long-term peaceful coexistence 长期和平共处between socialism and capitalism and the Soviet Union should rapidly build up its strength for the final struggle against capitalism, represented by the United States and Britain. Summary Containment The Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan 杜鲁门主义和马歇尔计划 The open declaration of the containment policy was made by President Truman on March 12, 1949 in a speech to the joint session of Congress. On February 21, 1947, Britain informed the United States that it would end financial support of Greece and Turkey and withdraw troops from these countries on April 1 and if the United States did not move in, these two countries might fall into the hands of the Soviet Union. The Truman Administration decided to provide aid for