风疹发病机理和病程(英文及中文对照).ppt

风疹 Rubella — commonly known as German measles or 3-day measles — is an infection that primarily affects the skin and lymph nodes. It is caused by the rubella virus (not?the same virus that causes measles), which is usually transmitted by droplets from the nose or throat that others breathe in. It can also pass through a pregnant womans bloodstream to infect her unborn child. Its a generally mild disease in children; the primary medical danger of rubella is the infection of pregnant women because it can cause congenital rubella syndrome in developing babies. Before a?vaccine?against rubella became available in 1969, rubella epidemics occurred every 6-9 years, most often among kids 5 to 9 years old. Many cases of congenital rubella occurred as well. Thanks to immunization, there are far fewer cases of rubella and congenital rubella. Most rubella infections today appear in young, non-immunized adults rather than in kids. In fact, experts estimate that 10% of young adults are currently susceptible to rubella, which could pose a danger to children they might have someday. About Rubella 关于风疹 风疹是由风疹病毒引起的一种常见的急性传染病，以低热、全身皮疹为特征，常伴有耳后、枕部淋巴结肿大。由于全身症状轻，病程短，往往认为本病无关紧要，但是近年来在风疹暴发流行中，重症病例屡有报道。如果妊娠早期妇女感染风疹，将会严重损害胎儿，引起先天性风疹综合征(congenital rubella syndrome，CRS)。中医学称本病为风疹、风痧、隐疹。认为系感受风热时邪，发于肤表所致。 Signs?and?Symptoms Rubella?infection?may?begin?with?1-2?days?of?mild?fever?(99-100°F,37.2-37.8°C)?and?swollen,?tender?lymph?nodes,?usually?in?theback?of?the?neck?or?behind?the?ears.?A?rash?then?begins?on?theface?and?spreads?downward.?As?it?spreads,?it?usually?clears?onthe?face.?This?rash?is?often?the?first?sign?of?illness?that?a?parentnotices. The?rubella?rash?can?look?like?many?other?viral?rashes.?It?appearsas?either?pink?or?light?red?spots,?which?may?merge?to?form?evenlycolored?patches.?The?rash?can?itch?and?lasts?up?to?3?days.?As?therash?clears,?the?affected?skin?occasionally?sheds?in?very?fineflakes. Other?symptoms?of?rubella?(these?are?more?common?in?teens?andadults)?can?include?headache,?