第五章 UML 复习.docVIP

Chapter 1 1.SDLC（Software Development Life Cycle）的各个阶段 P1.3 Feasibility analysis(可行性分析) Requirement analysis and specification(需求分析和规范说明) Design Coding Testing Maintenance 2.Software Development 的方法 P1.4 (1)Waterfall approach 瀑布方法 The waterfall approach describes the software development process in a linear sequential flow. Conception→Initiation→Analysis→Design→Construction→Integration and Testing →Implementation and Maintenance Can not go back if something is wrong. (2)Prototyping approach 原型方法 (3)Spiral approach 螺旋方法 The Spiral approach includes the iterative nature of the prototyping approach and the linear nature of waterfall approach. 包含了原型方法的迭代特点和瀑布方法的线性特点。 对于开发的软件要以不同版本发布（released in various versions）的情况，使用螺旋方法较为理想。 The Spiral approach includes 6 phases: Customer communication →Planning →Risk analysis →Engineering →Construction and release→Customer evaluation (4)Win-win spiral approach 双赢螺旋方法 (5)Incremental approach 增量方法 3. Object-Orientde Concepts (1)Classes and objects A class is an abstract data type that contains a set of attributes and functions. An object is an instance of a class. 类是一个抽象数据类型，包括一组属性与函数。 对象是一个类的实例。 (2)Inheritance Inheritance refers to sharing of attributes and behaviors among classes based upon hierarchical relationship. 继承指基于层次结构关系在类之间共享属性与行为。 (3)Abstraction Abstraction focuses on essential, inherent aspects of an entity ignoring its implementation details. 抽象只关注实体的关键、内在方面而不考虑它的实现细节。 (4)Encapsulation (封装) Encapsulation means preventing access to non-essential details. 封装指禁止访问非关键的细节。 (5)Polymorphism（多态性） Polymorphism is the concept of using operators or functions in different ways depending on what they are operating on. 多态性是根据运算符或函数的作用对象来以不同的方式使用它们的概念。 Using operators in different ways depending on what they are operating on is called operator overloading. Using functions in different ways is called function overloading. Chapter 2 1.UML的概念 Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a s