13周 句子翻译 语态变换法.pptVIP

语态的变换 The Change of Voices It is generally acknowledged that the frequent use of passive voice is a unique characteristic of the English language compared with Chinese. In fact, passive voice in Chinese always connotes a somewhat negative or unfavorable meaning. This is embodied in such expressions as 他被杀了；他被人打了；钱被他偷了； 这话偏偏又叫我听到了； 好象活人得让死人管着似得； 再哭！一家人都给你哭完了. Discussion: Of course, due to the influence of English on Chinese in the modern ages, modern Chinese passive voice may not necessarily carry such derogative meanings. English uses more passive voice either to achieve objectivity, avoid the mentioning of the actor. Generally speaking, many English passive sentences can be translated into Chinese active ones and vice versa. a) Passive voice in Chinese is indicated by such words as 被，叫，让，给，受，遭，遭受，由，加以，为，所，为……所，受到. These can be called Chinese passive voice markers. b) In Chinese, there are a lot of sentences that are active in form but passive in meaning. For instance, 飞鸟尽，良弓藏； 电影明天还要放映. These sentences need to be translated into English passive sentences. Exercise: (1) The plan will be carried out next week. 计划下周执行。 (2) His novel has already been translated into many languages. 他的小说已经译成了好几种语言。 (3) The man cannot be relied upon. 那人不可信。 Discussion: (4) 又一座立交桥将于年底通车。 Another flyover will be opened to traffic by the end of this year. (5) 据说，核电站正在筹建中。 It is said that nuclear power plants are under preparation for construction. (6) 他们今年遭灾了。 They were hit by a natural calamity this year. Discussion: 所谓语态变换，是指翻译中汉英两种语言之间主动式与被动式的互换。 汉语中，被动式使用较少，叙述一种行为时，常用主动式。即使使用被动式，也不像英语那样有固定或比较统一的构成形式。譬如说，汉语的被动式不是只用一个“被”字表示。 英语则不然，大量的及物动词可以用被动式，不少相当于及物动词的短语也可以用被动式。 汉译英时，首先考虑译成英语被动句的可能性。 这儿讲的是英语。 English is spoken here. 这项工作完成多久了？ How long has the work been done? 这本书已经翻译成中文了。 This book has already been translated into Chinese. 他遭到了邻居们的嘲笑。 He was laughed at by his neighbors. 希望你有机会来中国访问。 It is hoped that you will have a chance to visit China. 马路两旁是整齐的梧桐树。（周而