胡浩-数字图像相关法用于金属薄板焊接全场变形测量.docVIP

文章编号 数字图像相关法用于金属薄板焊接全场变形测量 胡 浩*，梁 晋，唐正宗, 卢 岗 （西安交通大学 机械工程学院，陕西 西安 710049） 摘 要：针对金属薄板焊接过程中带来的高温变形测量的难题，提出并实现一种基于数字图像相关法和双目视觉技术的全场三维变形测量方法。首先，针对相关匹配非线性优化初值难求的问题，提出一种基于种子点的高精度图像匹配算法。然后，介绍了三维坐标重建以及三维位移、三维应变的求解算法。最后，借助于VC++6.0开发环境，研制了用于薄板焊接全场变形测量的实验系统。为验证本文方法在材料力学性能实验方面的可行性，利用标准材料试验机和自主研制的图像采集装置设计了钢试件的标准拉伸实验，并采用Q235板材件进行了焊接变形测量实验。实验表明：本文方法的应变测量精度为0.5%，与引伸计基本相当，与传统的测量方法相比，可以更全面、更直观地测量金属薄板在整个焊接过程中的三维位移场和应变场，并且测得三个方向的位移变化曲线过渡自然、数据合理，为研究焊接变形规律提供一种有效手段。 关键词：双目视觉；图像相关法；种子点匹配；薄板焊接；全场变形 中图分类号：TN948.41; TP391 文献标识码：A Image correlation method for full-field deformations measurement during metal sheet welding processes HU Hao, LIANG Jin, TANG Zheng-zong, LU Gang (School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China) * Corresponding author, Email: huhao136@163.com Abstract: To realize full-field deformation measurement during metal sheet welding processes, a new three-dimensional deformations measurement method is proposed and and implemented based on digital image correlation and binocular stereovision. The applied key technologies are investigated. Firstly, to solve the problem in calculating initial values for the nonlinear optimization of the correlation matching, an algorithm based on seed point is proposed which provides a reliable initial value for the least-squares nonlinear optimizationa. Secondly, the algorithms for three-dimensional coordinates reconstruction, three-dimensional displacement and strain calculation are discussed s separately. Finally, based on these algorithms and the VC++6.0 platform, a welding deformation measurement system is developed. With our self-developed image acquisition device and a standard materials testing machine, a steel standard tensile test and a welding deformation measurement test are conducted to validate the performance of our mthod. Experimental results demonstrate that the accuracy of strain measurement is not lower than 0.5% which is very close to that of the extensometer and the measured 3-D displac