第九章 呼吸系统疾病-2.pdfVIP

Diseases of respiratory system Wang Lin Department of Pathology Norman Bethune College of Medicine Anatomy of respiratory system nose pharynx larynx trachea bronchi lung Diseases of respiratory system Pneumonia 肺炎 Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases Silicosis 硅肺 Chronic cor pulmonale 肺心病 Lung cancer 肺癌 Section two Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases 慢性阻塞性肺疾病 Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases The term chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) refers to a group of conditions that share a major symptom – dyspnea 呼吸困难and are accompanied by chronic obstruction to air flow within the lungs. Chronic bronchitis 慢性支气管炎 Bronchiectasis 支气管扩张症 Pulmonary emphysema 肺气肿 Bronchial asthma支气管哮喘 Chronic bronchitis 慢性支气管炎  It is defined clinically as persistent cough with sputum production for at least 3 consecutive months in at least 2 consecutive years. Chronic bronchitis 慢性支气管炎 Pathogenesis  Two sets of factors are important in the genesis of chronic bronchitis:  Chronic irritation by inhaled substances: atmospheric pollution, tobacco smoking.  Microbiologic infections. They are a secondary factor that maintain and promote the injury initiated by smoking.  Both sexes and all ages may be affected, but chronic bronchitis is most frequent in middle-aged men. Four to ten times more common in heavy smokers. Histology of trachea and main bronchus three layers 1) Mucosa: epithelium: pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium lamina propria 2) Submucosa: tracheal gland: serous gland and mucus gland 3) Adventitia: cartilage ring Histology of trachea and main bronchus Histology of trachea and main bronchus Histology