林业分权改革与森林资源可持续利用.pdfVIP

NO 11 2007 林业经济 FoRESTRY ECONOMICS ·林权制度改革· 林业分权改革与森林资源可持续利用 李 周 (中国社会科学院农村发展研究所北京100732) 摘 要：在中国森林经营管理中长期存在着严重的权力与义务的不对称性。目前，正在进行森林经营管理权 力下放的改革，其实质是还权于民，还责于政，消除权利与义务的不对称性，达到林业经营者增收、森林资源 的扩大再生产和可持续利用的目标。在林业分权改革中，社区居民的充分参与是保证权力下放有效和公正的 基础，同时要充分发挥各种非政府组织参与管理的作用；关键是赋于基层政府和林业经营者经营自主权，而 林业主管部门必须确立森林利用的最低环境标准，重视权力与义务的对称性。为保障权力下放的可持续性， 可通过制度立法或行政指令来实现，并开展系统的、持续的监测和评价。 关键词：林业分权改革；内涵；改革；可持续性 中图分类号：1=326．20 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1673-338X(2007)11—0015-03 Forestry Reform and Decentralization and Sustainable Utilization of Forest Resources Li ghou 0nstitute of Rural Development,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences，Beijing 100732) Abstract：There is a seriOUS long-term asymmetry in the rishts and obligations of forest management in China．At present，the essence of the ongoing decentralization of forest management reform is also conferred by the people．It aims to eliminate the rights and obligations of the asymmetry，to increase forestry operators，to expand production and sustainable Use．In decentralization，to eltlsure the full participation of the community residents is effective and impartial，and also to bring all NGO participation in the management．Th e key of decentralization is the autonomy in the local government and the grassroots-empowerment forestry operators，and forestry departments must deter- mine the minimum environmental standards of forest utilization and attach importance to the symmetry of rights and obligations．To ensure the sustainability of decentralization，the paper holds that government Can be adopted by legislative or administrative system in order to achieve，and conduct systematic and sustainab