中国城市的迅速蔓延.docxVIP

The great sprawl of China中国城市的迅速蔓延How to fix Chinese cities如何修补中国的城市Jan 24th 2015 | LANGFANG | From the print edition1 IN ANCIENT times, Beijing built towering city walls that helped to prevent undefendable sprawl. These days it builds ring roads, stretching built-up areas ever outwards. Near Langfang, a city halfway between the capital and its giant neighbour Tianjin, diggers dip their heads and cement mixers churn, paving the next circular expressway. When complete, the 900km (560-mile) Seventh Ring Road will surround Beijing at such a distance that most of it will run through the neighbouring province of Hebei, to which Langfang belongs, rather than the capital itself. Parts of it are 175km from Beijing’s centre (see map). 在古代,北京建造高大的城墙来帮助阻止不可预防的城市蔓延。近年来，北京修建了几条环形路，把建筑密集区向城市外围延展。廊坊是一座位于首都北京和其相邻的大城市天津之间的城市。在廊坊附近，挖掘机和水泥搅拌机不停工作着，为下一条环形高速铺路。竣工时，这条长900千米（560英里）的七环路将环绕北京，其中大部分将穿过廊坊隶属的河北省而不是北京本身。七环的部分路段距北京市中心长达175千米（见地图）。 2 The Seventh Ring Road (really the sixth, but for obscure reasons there is no First Ring Road) is emblematic of modern Chinese cities: giant, sprawling and dominated by cars. Even before it is completed in a year or two (and its use assessed), another, even longer, orbital is being plotted. Like many of China’s infrastructure projects, the new road displays engineering prowess. The country’s successes in urban planning are less evident. 七环路（实际是六环，但是没有一环，原因不明）是中国现代城市的象征：巨大，不断蔓延且充满了汽车。甚至在七环竣工前一两年（以及使用评估），另一条更长的环城路就已经在计划中了。与很多其他的中国基础设施工程一样，新的七环路彰显了强大的工程本领，而国家在城市规划上的成功则没那么明显了。 3 Breakneck urban growth has propelled China’s rise in the past three decades. Migration from the countryside has helped expand the urban population by 500m—the biggest movement of humanity the planet has seen in such a short time. Over half the population is now urban. Some live in the basements of apartment blocks, or in shacks built in courtyards. But Chinese cities have mostly avoided the squalor of many developing-world ones. 极快的城市增长推动了中国在过去30年里的兴起。来自农村的人口迁移帮助扩大了5亿的城市