硼在钢中的作用.pdfVIP

硼在钢中的作用 ：①提高钢的淬透性，一般加入量很少(0.0003%~0.005%)。 ②提高钢的 高温强度，强化晶界的作用。硼元素资源富有，价格便宜。钢中添加硼能显著节省镍、铬、 钼等昂贵的合金元素，有可观的经济效益。硼钢的主要优点是价格便宜，在保证钢具有所 需淬透性和力学性能的同时，钢的热、冷加工性能较好。主要缺点是，淬透性的波动比不 含硼元素的钢大。 描述：硼对结晶过程的影响 描述：含碳量对硼增加硬度效果的影响 InternationalIronandSteel Instituteand MATTER© 2002­2006MATTER,The UniversityofLiverpool 第 1 页 共 3 页 此文取自利物浦大学网站，因网上也未查到相关中文资料，就拿它翻译一下，翻译有不妥之处希望大家 帮忙指出 Boron is a metalloidwhich has a small atomic number of 5 and atomic weight of 12, has minor solubility in steels but has a dramatic effect on the transformation characteristics and hardenability. Boron retards the formationofferriteand pearlite,thusenabling martensiteto beformedduringfast cooling. A minimumlevel of 0.0007%is sufficient forincreased hardenability with little furthereffect if additionsare higher (0.005%).0.002­0.003% boron in solution in carbon steels has the same effect on hardenability as 0.7%Cr,0.5%Mo,or 1.0%Ni.Boron ismuchcheaper than any ofthese traditionalalloyingelements. Boron has the greatest effect on hardenability when retained in solution within the grain (fast quench) rather thanbeing allowed todiffuse to thegrain boundarieswhenslow cooled. Boron has to be carefully introduced during steelmaking; oxygen and nitrogen must be controlled before the boronis added due to great affinity forboth.If boronisallowed tocombine with oxygen and nitrogenthen its effect on hardenability is lost. Therefore, the steel must be deoxidised prior to the addition of boron and a strongnitrideformingelementsuch astitaniumalso hasto beadded. The effect of boron on hardenability reduces progressively as the carbon content is raised. Therefore boron is most effective in low steels (up to 0.25%C) and is also widely used in medium carbon steels (up to 0.4%C). Boronadditionscan also be used effectivelyin lowalloy steels. Borondoes notsignificantlyaffect the temperingr