中学英语教学中虚拟语气探究.docVIP

中学英语教学中虚拟语气探究【摘要】英语中的语气分为三种：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气，所谓陈述语气是指用来陈述事实，有肯定、否定、疑问、感叹等形式。所谓祈使语气是指用来表示请求、命令、劝告等。所谓虚拟语气是指利用动词的特殊形式，表示不切实际的假设，愿望、猜想、比喻、决定、主张、建议和命令等 【关键词】虚拟语气陈述语气祈使语气 一、非真实条件句中虚拟语气的构成形式： 例：1. If there were no subjunctive mood, English_____much easier. A. willl be B. would have been C. Could have been D. would be 分析：该题选D 根据句意可知，是对现在的虚拟对现在虚拟主句用wonld+V原形 例：2. If he_____, he_____that food, Luckily. He was sent to the hospital immediately. A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken C. would be warned, had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken 分析：该题选B，由句意知是对过去虚拟，对过去虚拟从句用had+ 过去分词，主句用would+have+过去分词 二、在If引导的非真实条件句中，if可省略，但需要用倒装结构. 如if从句中含有were，had或should时，可将它们提到主语之前，并将if省略，而且省略的if从句一般位于主句之前 例：1._____your letter, I would have started off 2 days ago. A. If I received B. should I receive C. If I could have received D. Had I received 分析：根据句意是对过去的虚拟，从句中应用had+过去分词，当要省略if时，需将had提前，故选D 三、虚拟语气可不用if从句表示条件，而用介词without, but for, 等或连词otherwise, 表示一种含蓄条件。所谓含蓄条件：是指那些不含有条件从句，而实际上含有虚拟条件的句子 例：1. Without electricity, human life_____quite different today. A. is B. will be D. would have been D. would be 分析：由句意可知是对现在的虚拟，用without electricity 表示含蓄条件；without electricity= If there were no electricity对现在虚拟，主句用would+V原形 故选D 例2. Jack can，t have arrived yet; otherwise, he would_____me. A. telephone B. telephoned C. have telephone D. have telephoned 分析：Otherwise=If he had arrived, 由句意知，是对过去的虚拟，用otherwise表示了含蓄条件，主句用would +have+过去分词，故选D 四、表示错综时间的虚拟语气，所谓错综时间的虚拟语气是指主句的动作和条件从句的动作不发生在同一时间 例：1. If I_____you, I_____his advice A. was; would have taken B. were; would have taken C. were; had teken D. was; have taken 分析：从句是对现在的虚拟，主句是对过去的虚拟，从句用一般过去时，主句用would+have+过去分词，故选B 五、在asif/as though引导的方式状语从句中，如其含义与事实相反，其动词用虚拟语气，形式与if条件状语从句相同，若与事实相同，则用陈述语气 例：1. The two strangers talked as if they_____friends for years. A. should be B. would be C. have been D. had been 分析：由句意知，是对过去的虚拟as if从句用had