Grammar-主谓一致.ppt

主谓一致 Subject-verb agreement 主谓一致的原则 一、语法一致原则 二、意义一致原则 三、就近原则 四、主谓一致的其他情况 主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致： 主语为单数形式，谓语动词也用单数形式； 主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。 注意： the poet and writer 表示“诗人兼画家”，是指一个人，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。 the poet and the writer 表示“诗人和画家”，是指两个人，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。 The professor and writer ____ produced many works. The singer and the dancer ____ going to cooperate. 主语和谓语从意义着眼来取得一致： 主语形式为单数，而意义为复数，则谓语动词用复数。 主语形式为复数，而意义为单数，则谓语动词用单数。 1.集体名词做主语时，谓语动词的数取决于主语的意义： 主语表示整体时视为单数，谓语动词用单数。 主语表示集体中的个体成员时视为复数，谓语动词用复数。 His family is not very large. His family are all music lovers. 1. The research group ________ (consist) of 5 people. 2. What ____ (do) the group want for their lunch? 3. Our family ____ (be) not poor any more. 4. He has to hurry up, because his family _____ (be) waiting for him. 5. The government ____ (have) spent more than 2 million yuan in planting trees. 6. The government _____ (have) different opinions about next year’s plan. 注意： 集体名词中people, police, cattle，一般看成复数形式，谓语动词用复数。People作“民族”讲时是例外。 1. The young often ______ of the old conservative(保守). (think) 2. The lost _____ been found. (have) 就近原则是指谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近的作主语的词保持一致。 Here __ a pen and two books for you.(be) There ___ two pencils and six books on the desk.(be) 当主语后面接由as well as, as much as, including, more than, no less than, rather than, with, together with, along with, accompanied by, in addition to, but, except, besides,like等构成的词组时，谓语动词由其前面的主语的单复数而定。它们在句子里是作状语，谓语动词不受修饰成分的影响，仍保持与主语一致。 当each, every, no, many a修饰两个并列的名词时，谓语动词一般用单数。 Each man and (each) woman is asked to attend. 每个男士女士都被邀请参加。 Every boy and (every) girl in the class is diligent. 班里每个男孩女孩都很勤奋。 No sound and no voice is heard. 一点声音都没有。 Many a doctor and (many a) nurse is busy with their work． 许多医生和护士都忙于他们的工作。 many a, more than one + 单数名词的结构，谓语动词用单数。(尽管意义上是复数，但因中心词是单数形式，所以谓语也用单数形式以符合语法一致的原则。) Many a soldier has died in that war. 许多士兵死于那次战争。 More than one question was asked. 不止一个问题被问了。 3. 可单可复： 当代词none, neither代表可数名词时，有时可看作单数，有时可看作复数，主要根据说话人