Grammar;动词时态语态.pptVIP

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Grammar;动词时态语态

(一)动词时态与用法 1.一般现在时 一般现在时是不受时间限制的客观存在,指经常发生的动作或存在的状态。具体表示: (1)表示现状、性质、状态;表示经常或习惯性的动作,且常与表示频率的时间状语连用,如: John sometimes gets up very late. Children in general are fond of sweets. My teacher speaks English very fast. (2)表示客观事实或普遍现象,如: Water boils at 100℃. (3)用于条件、时间等状语从句中,例如由if, unless, before, as soon as, when, once引导的条件从句,用一般现在时代替一般将来时,如: If it rains tomorrow, we’ll put off the basketball match. The moment he comes, I’ll tell him about it. After I get dressed, I have breakfast. (4)少数动词,如:go, come, leave, start, arrive, begin等有时也用一般现在时代替一般将来时。表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作,如: School begins on September 1. The plane for Beijing takes off at 9:30 a.m.. (5)当be表示根据时间或事先安排肯定会出现的状态时,用一般现在时表示将来时,如: Her birthday is in two weeks’ time. It’s Sunday tomorrow, you know. 在here和there引导的句子中,用一般现在时代替现在完成时。如: Look, here comes your boyfriend. 2.一般将来时 一般将来时表示单纯的将来事实。 (1)表示即将要发生的动作或状态。 (2)表示一种倾向与习惯动作,如: A lion will never attack an elephant. We’ll die without air or water. (3)常用进行时表将来的动词有come, go, fly, leave, arrive等,表示不易改变的动作。 (4)将来时的几种用法比较。 ①be going to表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事,这种打算往往经过事先考虑,甚至已经做了某种准备或表示非常有可能发生。 I have bought some bricks and I am going to build a house with them. Be careful! You are going to break that chair. 另外,be going to表将来,不能用在条件从句的主句中;而will则能,表意愿。 If it is fine, we’ll go fishing.(正确) If it is fine, we’re going to go fishing.(错误) ②shall/will do表示没有事先考虑过,即说话时临时想到的。 —Where is the telephone book? —I will get it for you. ③be to do sth.表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作,还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、可能性等。 We are to meet at the school gate. If you are to succeed, you must work hard. ④be about to do sth.表示“即将;就要”,后面不能接具体的时间状语。 The plane is about to take off. Autumn harvest is about to start. 3.现在进行时 表示此时此刻或现阶段进行的动作。它具有暂时性、持续性、未完成性的特点。具体表示: (1)说话时发生或进行着的动作。 I am writing a letter now. (2)现阶段正在进行的动作。 He is preparing for the exam. (3)有些动词如change, get, come等用进行时,表示“逐渐变化”之含义。 Below this city, the river is widening. His health is improving each day. (4)go, come, begin, leave, arrive, return, take off等可用进行时态代替将来时态,如: We are leav

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