动词不定式的形式.ppt

* 动词不定式 ◆ 动词不定式的形式 动词不定式（the Infinitive）是一种非谓语动词, 由“to+ 动词原形”构成， 其否定式是“not to+ 动词原形”。动词不定式虽然不能作谓语动词，但仍保留动词的特征，它可以有自己的宾语或状语而构成动词不定式短语。如to study hard， to play basketball。 Grammar 动词不定式 ◆动词不定式的时态和语态 ————— to have being doing 完成进行式 ————— to be doing 进行式 to have been done to have done 完成式 to be done to do 一般式 被动形式 主动形式 时态 语态 Grammar 动词不定式 ◆动词不定式的时态和语态 1. Kate hopes to become a university student this year. 凯特希望今年能成为一名大学生。 2. I’m sorry to have kept you waiting. 很抱歉让你久等了。 3. They seemed to be discussing something important. 他们似乎正在讨论重要的事情。 4. She wishes to be sent to work in Shanghai. 她希望能被派到上海工作。 Examples： Grammar 动词不定式 ◆动词不定式的句法功能 1．作主语 To talk with him is a great pleasure. 注意：动词不定式短语作主语时，为了保持句子的平衡，往往用it作形式主语，而把不定式短语置于谓语动词之后。 如： It is a great pleasure to talk with him. It is a great pleasure to see you again. Grammar 动词不定式 ◆动词不定式的句法功能 3．作宾语 （1）有些及物动词常用动词不定式作宾语。这些动词有：ask, want, try, hope, wish, learn, choose, decide, expect, afford等。 如： Lucy wants to buy a computer. We can’t afford to go on vacation this year. 2．作表语 His wish is to become a basketball star like Yao Ming. Grammar 动词不定式 ◆动词不定式的句法功能 3．作宾语 （2）不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语。 如：I find it interesting to study yoga. Grammar 动词不定式 ◆动词不定式的句法功能 4．作复合宾语中宾语补足语 常跟不定式作宾补的动词有：ask, invite, help, tell, hear，make等。 如： I invited her to have coffee. Tell the children not to play on the street. Grammar 动词不定式 ◆动词不定式的句法功能 4．作复合宾语中宾语补足语 注：（1）在feel, hear, see, watch, notice等感官动词或let, make, have等使役动词后面，复合宾语中的动词不定式通常不带to。但上述动词转换为被动结构时， 其后的不定式仍须带to。 如： We often hear him sing in the room. He was seen to enter the theatre. Grammar 动词不定式 ◆动词不定式的句法功能 5．作定语 动词不定式可用作修饰名词或代词的定语，用作定语的不定式需跟在所修饰的名词或代词之后。 如： We need someone to help him with the typing. She is a very nice person to work with. Grammar 动词不定式 ◆动词不定式的句法功能 6．作状语 动词不定式可用作修饰动词或形容词的状语，通常放在 其修饰的动词或形容词之后。如： (1) The young often come here to listen to the old man tell stories. (作目的状语) (2) Everyone will be surprised to see th