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unknown title：（未知的标题）
NeuroImage 19 (2003) 296–307 /locate/ynimg
Neural correlates underlying mental calculation in abacus experts:
a functional magnetic resonance imaging study
Takashi Hanakawa,a,b Manabu Honda,a,c,d,* Tomohisa Okada,c,e
Hidenao Fukuyama,a and Hiroshi Shibasakia,c
a HumanBrainResearchCenter,KyotoUniversityGraduateSchoolofMedicine,Kyoto,Japan
b HumanMotorControlSection,NINDS,NIH,Bethesda,MD20892,USA
c NationalInstituteforPhysiologicalSciences,Okazaki,Japan
d PRESTO,JapanScienceandTechnologyCorp.,Kawaguchi,Japan
e DepartmentofNuclearMedicine,KyotoUniversityGraduateSchoolofMedicine,Kyoto,Japan
Received 5 August 2002; accepted 10 December 2002
Abstract
Experts of abacus operation demonstrate extraordinary ability in mental calculation. There is psychological evidence that abacus experts
utilize a mental image of an abacus to remember and manipulate large numbers in solving problems; however, the neural correlates
underlying this expertise are unknown. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we compared the neural correlates associated with
three mental-operation tasks (numeral, spatial, verbal) among six experts in abacus operations and eight nonexperts. In general, there was
more involvement of neural correlates for visuospatial processing (e.g., right premotor and parietal areas) for abacus experts during the
numeral mental-operation task. Activity of these areas and the fusiform cortex was correlated with the size of numerals used in the numeral
mental-operation task. Particularly, the posterior superior parietal cor
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