初中英语复习六—非谓语动词.doc

非谓语动词 一、动词不定式 动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成。 时态\语态 被动 一般式 to do to be done 完成式 to have done to have been done 1、动词不定式作主语 (1)当动词不定式作主语时，其谓语动词常用单数。例如： To say something is one thing; to do it is another.说是一回事，做是另一回事。 To help animals is helping people.(帮助动物就是帮助人) It is very difficult (for us) to learn Chinese well.((对于我们而言)学好汉语是非常的困难)/ Its so nice to hear your voice. 听到你的声音真高兴。Its very kind of you to help us.　他帮助我们，他真好。 (3)Its for sb.和 Its of sb. for或of的区别。 1）for sb. easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等 例如：Its very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。 2）of sb句型中的形容词一般为表示性格，品德，心智能力，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。例如：Its very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。 be动词后面，形成表语。例如： My work is to clean the room every day. 我的工作是每天清扫房间。 His dream is to be a doctor. 他的梦想是成为一名医生。 We want to learn some body language.我们想学习一点身势语。 She has decided to go to Guangzhou tomorrow.她已经决定明天去广州。 No one can afford to buy such an expensive suit.没有人能担负起买如此昂贵的服装。 4、动词不定式作宾语补足语 有的动词后接带to的动词不定式作补语；有的动词后接不带to的动词不定式。 (1)能以带to的不定式作宾补的动词有：ask，allow， get，warn，tell，invite，force， oblige， beg， wish，want， like， hate， expect， encourage， advise， persuade，permit， request， order， cause， know， call on等。例如： Would you like me to help you? 你要我帮忙吗？ Father will not allow us to play on the street. (2)用不带to的不定式作宾补的动词有使役动词 let, have, make后，感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后I saw him dance. =He was seen to dance.我看见他跳舞。 The boss made them work the whole night.=They were made to work the whole night.老板让他们整夜干活。 I have a lot of work to do.　我有许多事要做。 There was nothing to bring home that morning. 那天早上（他回家时）两手空空。目的状语　to do , only to do（仅仅为了）, in order to do,　so as to do,　so（such）… as to…（如此…以便…）。例如： He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.　他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。 I come here only to say good-bye to you.　我来仅仅是向你告别。 作结果状语，可以表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果，不定式要放在句子后面。 I awoke to find my truck gone. He searched the room only to find nothing. 他搜索了房间，没发现什么。 Im glad