动词不定式和动名词投影1.doc

动词不定的性质和构成 动词不定式：（to）+do， 　 否定式：not + (to) do 　 以do为例，动词不定式的构成如下：动词不定式的否定式是由not + 动词不定式构成， 如：It’s wrong of you not to attend the meeting.　 主动 被动 一般时 to do to be done 进行时 to be doing 完成时 to have done 主 to have been done 被 完成进行时 to have been doing 二．不定式的时态： (1)一般式：to+动词原形 　　 例如： 　 Im glad to meet you. 很高兴见到你。 　　 He seems to know a lot. 他看起来懂得很多。 　 We plan to pay a visit. 我们计划花钱去参观。 　　 He wants to be an artist. 他想成为一个艺术家。 　　 The patient asked to be operated on at once. 病人要求马上手术。 　　 The teacher ordered the work to be done. 老师要求完成工作。 　　 进行式：to be +doing 例如： The boy pretended to be working hard. 男孩假装工作得很努力。 　　 He seems to be reading in his room. 看起来他正在他的房间里面读书。 　　 完成式：to have+done 例如： 　　 I happened to have seen the film. 我偶然看过这部电影。 　　 He is pleased to have met his friend. 他很高兴能遇上他的朋友。 三．不定式的句法功能： 作主语： eg：To die like that is a terrible thing. It is a terrible thing to die like that. 看一个例子，To tell a lie is not always easy=It’s not always easy to tell a lie.撒谎并非总是易事。 第三个例子 eg: For a dog to die like that is a terrible thing.=It’s a terrible thing for a dog to die like that. 再看教材p77页的例子三个： It’ll be a great shame for you to forget her. It’s not proper for us not to accept the invitation It has not yet been decided when and where to discuss her resignation. It is very kind of you to help me. Kind在这里是表语，形容you， It is+形容词+of sb.+to do sth.这样的句子更强调某人如何如何。可以改写成“sb+be+形容词+to do sth。而for sb to do sth这一结构更强调某事如何如何 It is easy for me to learn English. 更强调英语很好学。不能说成： It is difficult of me to learn English.或者 I am difficult to learn English. 看教材上第二个例子p77页。It is unwise of you to go to the United States at this time=You are unwise to go the United States at this time. 　 作宾语： 先解释一下及物 不及物动词： 1)及物动词 后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词，叫做及物动词(transitive verb)。如： I believe that the committee will consider our suggestion. 我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议。 “How long can I keep the book ?”Harry asked. 哈里问：“这本书我可以借多久?” Dr. Bethune set us a good example. 白求恩大夫给我们树立了好榜样。 Crude oil contains