动词不定式的语态.ppt

动词不定式的语态 不定式与前面所修饰的n/pron之间构成主谓关系，主动；动宾关系，被动。 动词不定式主动表被动 1. 动词不定式作后置定语，与被修饰的n/pron构成逻辑上的动宾关系，但又与该句子主语（或另一名词或代词）构成逻辑上的主谓关系。 例：他没有可以吃的东西。 eg He has nothing to eat. eat nothing (动宾) he eat (主谓) 我会给你一本书读一读。 I will give you a book to read. read a book(动宾) you read (主谓) 这个优雅的女人有事情要宣布。 The elegant lady has something to declare. 注： 若句子的主语并非是不定式的逻辑主语， 不定式需被动。 试比较： I have a lot of letters to type. I will type the letters. I have a lot of letters to be typed. I will get sb. to type the letter. Exercises： 1. Do you have any clothes __________(wash), sir? asked the maid. 2. I cant go out now as I have a lot of clothes ______(wash). 2 在“ 主语+表语（adj）+ to do , 主语也是不定式的逻辑宾语，即不定式动词和主语之间是动宾关系。 eg. The question is easy to answer. 注: 不定式动词为不及物动词时，加上介词。 eg John is difficult to deal with. 3. 在there be 句型中 在此句型中， 可用主动式，也可用被动式。主动式作定语， 重点在人；被动式作定语， 重点在物。 译: 没有时间可以耽误。 There is no time to lose. There is no time to be lost. 以下情况意义不同： 1）There is nothing to do now. = we have nothing to do now. (无事可做) There is nothing to be done. = we can do nothing now. （没办法了） 2）There is nothing to see. = Nothing is worth seeing.(没有东西值得看) There is nothing to be seen. = Nothing there at all.（看不见什么） 4. 某些特殊的词，如：to let, to blame, to seek, 主动表被动 eg The house is to let. Who is to blame for it. The reason is not far to seek. Exercises 1. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ___. A sit B sit on C be sat D be sat on 2. Im hungry, get me something _____. A eat B to eat C to be eaten D for eating 3. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ____ whether theyll enjoy it. A to see B to be seen C to have seen D to be seeing 4. The book is reported in the local newspaper__ in daylight yesterday. A being robbed B