句子结构讲义word版.docVIP

句子结构 句子按照功能分，可分为陈述句，疑问句，祈使句和感叹句四种。陈述句陈述观点或事实，疑问句提出问题，祈使句表达命令或请求，感叹句则抒发强烈的感情，如惊异、痛苦或者喜悦。 按照结构分，句子有简单句，并列句，复合句和并列复合句四种。 What is a simple sentence? 什么是简单句？ 简单句中有一个主语和一个谓语动词。(SV) He came. / She has left. /The bus comes! / Dogs bark. 当然最常见的简单句还是SVO（主语+谓语+宾语），注意：在此结构中，谓语动词必须是及物动词。 一般来说，主语由名词、动名词或者名词短语或者代词充当；谓语由动词充当；宾语也是由名词，动名词或者名词短语或者代词充当。 下面是常见的简单句结构： (注：S：subject V：verb （predicate verb） O: object C: complement A: adverbial） 1. SVC 主系表（补） It proved an awkward journey . She is a student./ It worked out right. 系动词（link verb)除去Be动词之外，一般有：feel, become, turn, keep, remain, seem, appear, stay, stand, lie, look, sound, smell, taste, prove, turn out. SVOO 主谓双宾结构（分别为直接宾语和间接宾语） I gave him two hundred yuan. (him是间接宾语，two hundred yuan是直接宾语） SVOC（主谓宾补） 结构: He asked her to answer the question. (her是宾语，to answer the question是宾 语补足语；补充说明“她”做了什么事情。） I saw a teaching post advertised in a local newspaper. SVA （主谓状）结 构 : Joe leaped from the edge of his chair 什么是状语呢？ 就是动词的八个状态:时间、地点、原因、状态、目的、结果、方式、程度。修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成份叫状语。 状语按用途可分为：地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随情况等几类。 1). The students are doing their homework in the classroom． （介词短语作地点状语） 2). I learned a lot from the peasants when I lived in the countryside． （从句作时间状语） 3). They set out early so that they might arrive on time． (从句作目的状语） 4). She will not go home because she has to attend a meeting． （从句作原因状语） 5). I nearly forgot what he had promised. (副词作程度状语） 6). He came singing and dancing. (现在分词作伴随状语） 7). If you work hard in English, you will do well in it. (从句作条件状语） 8). He went to the school yesterday though he was seriously ill. (从句作让步状语） 9). He works day and night. (名词短语作方式状语） 10). Wait a moment. (名词短语作时间状语） 11). Lesson One is not so difficult as Lesson Two（is）. (从句作比较状语） 12). Li Ming studied so hard that he caught up with other students. (从句作结果状语） SVOA （主谓宾状)结构 American education owes a great debt to Thomas Jefferson. (a great debt是宾语；to Thomas Jefferson是方式状语）