浅谈1.1TheDiversityofLife摘要.pptVIP

1.1 The Diversity of Life Biology is the study of living things Living things can be divided into six kingdoms 1.2 Properties of Life Biology is the study of life But what does it mean to be alive? Living organisms and many non-living things share three properties Complexity Movement Response to stimulation 1.2 Properties of Life All living organisms share five basic properties 1. Cellular Organization All living organisms are composed of at least one cell 2. Metabolism All living organisms use energy 3. Homeostasis All living organisms maintain stable internal conditions 1.2 Properties of Life All living organisms share five basic properties 1.3 The Organization of Life Living organisms function and interact with each other at many levels These levels are organized in a hierarchy of increasing complexity Cellular Level Organismal Level Populational Level 1.3 The Organization of Life Each higher level contains novel properties not present at the simpler level of organization These properties are termed emergent properties They are a consequence of the structural organization that is the hallmark of life They characterize many aspects of the living world 1.4 Biological Themes The living world is organized by major themes Indeed, five general themes unify and explain biology as a science Refer to Table 1.1 1.4 Biological Themes 1. Evolution The genetic change in a species over time It is a result of a process termed natural selection Variation may also be caused by artificial selection 2. The Flow of Energy All living organisms require energy The sun is the source of energy for ecosystems Plants capture energy via photosynthesis They then act as an energy source for other organisms 1.4 Biological Themes 3. Cooperation Cooperation between organisms is critical for evolution Symbiosis occurs when two organisms of different species live in direct contact 4. Structure Determines Function Biological structures are well suited to their function Thi