Argumentative_essay 英文议论文写作基础概要1.ppt

The Argumentative Essay Ⅰ. Main communicative purposes of the argumentative essay: To convince or persuade to agree with an opinion; to defend an opinion; to attack an opinion you believe to be misguiding, untrue, or evil Ⅱ. Basic features The argumentative essay must take a controversial issue for an open debate, i.e., the issue must be arguable; The argument cannot be general belief; personal preference ; or fact Two sides are generally involved: proponents ( those in favor of the issue) and opponents ( those against the issue); The thesis must take a side of an issue, and frequently proposes a course of action; The argumentative essay are highly persuasive and logical ( often expressed with the modal “should”); Good logic is the heart of the argumentative essay. Ⅲ. Strategies for logical persuasion Be fully aware of your audience or reader; As the purpose of an argumentative essay is to convince the reader of your position, you should address your reader by writing objectively, logically, and respectfully. Try to identify and understand your opponent’s point of view You cannot just present your own opinion in argumentation. This can never convince the reader. You have to consider the point of view of your opponent’s. 3. Use two forms of logical reasoning: induction and deduction. Induction（归纳）: the process of reasoning from the particular details to the general conclusion. It involves examining particular details such as specific cases, facts, or examples. The conclusion is made based on the evidence coming from the specific details. Deduction（演绎）: the process of reasoning from the general to the specific. It begins with a generalization and is applied in a specific case. The conclusion is drawn based on a generalization. Deduction involves a three-step form of reasoning called Syllogism（三段论）: Major Premise ( the initial generalization), Minor Premise ( the specific case ), and Conclusion ( the resulting statement). Th