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激光焊小孔的形成机制.pdf
Available online at
Physics Procedia 12 (2011) 241–247
LiM 2011
Understanding Pore Formation in Laser Beam Welding
Peter Berger*, Helmut Hügel, Thomas Graf
Institut für Strahlwerkzeuge (IFSW), Pfaffenwaldring 43, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
Abstract
The mechanisms leading to process pores in deep penetration laser beam welding are discussed in this paper. Process pores were
observed since the beginning of laser welding. Although there are differences in the number, size and location of the pores
depending on the used laser type and beam parameters, process pores are a common problem for all laser sources. To clarify the
mechanisms, basic experiments with transparent materials were performed. During those experiments high-speed videos were
recorded and subsequently analysed. Several very interesting insights concerning fluid flow and pore generation could be
obtained.
Keywords: Welding; Quality; Instabilities; Porosity; Pore Formation
1. Introduction
Several papers describe methods to reduce or avoid process pores in laser beam welding. The used process
strategies are based on different approaches, e.g. optimizing shielding gases, applying two-beam technology, using a
modulated laser power or an oscillating beam or using devices for the generation of Lorentz forces in the weld pool.
These investigations were performed, although only little knowledge about the formation of pores is available.
Arata [1] and Antonov et al. [2] were probably the first who made welding experiments with transparent
materials to elucidate the basic physical mechanisms underlying the welding process. Besides experimen
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