chapter 1 general principles 连淑能《英译汉教程》概要1.pptVIP

Chapter 1 General Principles The Definitions of Translation The Categories of Translation The Assessment of Translation The Competence of A Translator Translation Strategies Translation Processes 译即易，谓换易言语使相解也。 ——唐·贾公彦：《义疏》 把已说出或写出的话的意思用另一种语言表达出来的活动。 ——《中国大百科全书·语言文字卷》 翻译的实质是语际的意义转换。 ——刘宓庆 翻译是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思维内容准确而完整地重新表达出来的语言活动。 ——张培基等：《英汉翻译教程》 翻译是将一种语言文字所蕴含的意思用另一种语言文字表达出来的文化活动。 ——王克非 ??? 翻译是一种语言文字的实践,是利用一种语言文字将另一种语言文字所表达的思想确切而完善地重新表达出来的实践。 ——汪涛、黄新渠 ??? 翻译是以译者为主体,以语言为转换媒介的创造性思维活动。所谓翻译,就是把见诸于一种语言的文本用另一种语言准确而完整地再造出来,使译作获得与原作相当的文献价值或文学价值。 ——王宏印 翻译是许多语言活动中的一种,它是用一种语言形式把另一种语言形式里的内容重新表现出来的语言实践活动。翻译是一门艺术,是语言艺术的再创造。 ——冯庆华???? 翻译是把一种语言（即源语）的信息用另一种语言（即译语）表达出来，使译文读者能得到原作者所表达的思想，得到与原文读者大致相同的感受。 ——范仲英：《实用翻译教程》 to turn from one language into another —The Oxford English Dictionary to turn into one’s own or another language —Webster’s third New International Dictionary of the English Language Translating is the art of recomposing a work in another language without losing its original flavor. —Columbia Encyclopedia Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning, and secondly in terms of style. —Nida ＆ Taber. The Theory and Practice of Translation 翻译就是在译入语中再现与原语的信息最切近的自然对等物，首先是就意义而言，其次是就文体而言。 ——奈达 Translation is a craft consisting in the attempt to replace a written message and /or statement in one language by the same message and/or statement in another language. —Perter Newmark. Approaches to Translation A good translation is one which the merit of the original work is so completely transfused into another language as to be as distinctly apprehended and as strongly felt by a native of the country to which that language belongs as it is by those who speak the language of the original work. — Alexander Fraser Tytler 好的翻译应该是把原作的长处完全地移注到另一种语言，以使译人语所属国家的本地人能明白地领悟、强烈地感受，如同使用原作语言的人所领悟、所感受的一样。