computer system概要1.pptVIP

A Tour of Computer Systems 1.9 Important Theme GROUP 6 New words Concurrency 并发 Parallelism 并行 Abstractions 抽象概念 Multiple 复杂的 Whirlwind 旋风 Hyperthreading 超线程 1.9.1 Concurrency and Parallelism 1. Thread-level Concurrency 2. Instruction-Level Parallelism 3. Single-Instruction,Multiple-Data(SIMD) Parallelism 1.9.2 The Importance of Abstractions in Computer System This concludes our initial whirlwind tour of systems. An important idea to take away from this discussion is that a system is more than just hardware. It is a collection of intertwined hardware and system software that must cooperare in order to achieve the ultimate goal of running application program. Important Theme 1.9.1 Concurrency and Parallelism Throughout the history of digital computers, two demands have been constant forces driving improvements: we want to do more, and we want them to run faster. We use the term concurrency to refer to the general concept of a system with multiple, simultaneous activities, and the term parallelism to refer to the use of concurrency to make a system run faster. 1.9.1 Concurrency and Parallelism 1. Thread-level Concurrency Building on the process abstraction,we are able to devise systems where multiple programs execute at the same time, leading to concurrency. With threads, we can even have multiple control flows executing within a single process. When we construct a system consisting og multiple processors all under the control of a single operating system kernel, we have a multiprocessor system. And with the anvent of multi-core processors and hyperthreading. multiprocessor system Multi-core processors have several CPUs(referred to as cores) integrated onto a single integrated-circuit chip. Hyperthreading, sometimes called simultaneous multi-threading, is a technique that allows a single CPU to execute multiple flows of control. Uniprocessors Multi- core Hyper- threaded All processor multiprocessors