深圳牛津八年级下C7语法 直接引语和间接引语.doc

语法知识 直接引语和间接引语 如何变人称下面有一句顺口溜“一随主二随宾第三人称不更新”。 间接引语中的人称 一人称 与主 二 与主句部分宾语一致的代词 三人称 不更新 e said to me. My brother wants to go with me.（He said.为主句，he为主句的主语;me为主句的宾语，My brother wants to go with me.为直接引语，将要变成间接引语即宾语从句） “一随主”是指在直接引语第一人称要主句中主语的人称如： e said. My brother wants to go with me. →He said his brother wanted to go with him. 说明：(my是直接引语中的一人称单数的形容词性物主代词，所以变成间接引语要变成与主句he said 中的主语he相一致的形容词性物主代词，即his;(me是直接引语中的一人称单数的人称代词宾格，所以变成间接引语时要变成与主句he said 中的主语he 一致的人称代词宾格,即him “二随宾是指直接引语二人称e says to Kate. I am your brother ? →He tells Kate he is her brother。 “第三人称不更新”是指直接引语如： Mr. Smith said: Jack is a good worker。→Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker。如何变时态： →Lily tells us that she will go to America with us. 当主句为一般过去时，直接引语间接引语要做相应的调整。如： 间接引语的时态 备注 一般现在时 一般过去时 重点学 一般将来时 过去将来时 重点学 现在进行时 过去进行时 重点学 现在完成时 过去完成时 重点学 一般过去时 过去完成时 重点学 现在进行时 过去进行时 必学 1) She said. I have lost a pen. →She said she had lost a pen. 2) She said. We hope so. →She said they hoped so. 3) She said. He will go to see his friend。→She said he would go to see his friend。 但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。 ①直接引语是客观真理。 “The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth” the teacher told me. → The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。 ②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如： Jack said. “John, where were you going when I met you in the street?” →Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。 ③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如： Xiao Wang said. I was born on April 20,1980 →Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20,1980。 ④直接引语是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如： He said, I get up at six every morning。 →He said he gets up at six every morning。 ⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。如： Peter said. You had better come have today。 →Peter said I had better go there that day。 如何变句型： ①直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如：She said, Our bus will arrive in five minutes. →She said that their bus would ar