Division six The Age of Enlightenment.pptVIP

Contents General introduction French philosophy English literature German literature and philosophy Art Music 1. Background Information 1.1 Enlightenment (refer to text book P—231) Enlightenment was an intellectual movement. It is also called the Age of Reason Originating : in France Period: second half of the 18th century Intellectual origin: forerunners John Locke and Issac Newton Major force: the French Philosophes Ramification: (分支) In government and law In Religion Deism [di:iz?m]自然神论 In art and literation neo-classicism In economic thought laissez-faire policy （[‘leisei’fe?]自由放任政策 ） 1.2 Historical Context (refer to text book P—233) The American War of Independence 1776 The Declaration of Independence The French Revolution 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man The Industrial Revolution (1760—1840) in England 2. French Philosophy and Literature Montesquieu 2.1 Montesquieu (1689-1755) Major works Persian Letters 波斯人的信札 （satire, tales） The spirit of the Laws 论法的精神 Major ideas The theory of natural origins of society Peace Seek food Sexual dependence of men and women Desire for society Geographical and environmental theory National character Political systems Marriage Religion slavery Classification of government and division of power Classification of governments the republic (based on virtue); the monarchy (based on honour); and despotism (based on fear) [‘desp?tiz?m]暴政 theory of the separation of powers legislative, executive and judicial powers 2. 2 Voltaire (1694-1778) A French poet, dramatist, historian, and philosopher. Major works Letter Anglaise 哲学书简 Candide 老实人 Major ideas He opposed to Christianity and believed in a god of nature *Theory of human nature Natural sociability Natural rationality Sense of religion The view of social freedom and equality The theory o