湖北高考虚拟语气及情态动词.doc

语气 定义：语气(mood)是一种动词形式，用来表示说话者的意图或态度。英语中的语气有三种：陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气。 ① 陈述语气(indicative mood)见于大多数句子中，用来陈述事实或就事实提出询问。 Eg: She can’t help to clean the house because she’s busy making a cake. ② 祈使语气(imperative mood)仅用于祈使句中，表示说话人向对方提出的请求、劝告或命令。Eg: Please say hello to your mum. ③ 虚拟语气(subjunctive mood),表示不可能实现的愿望、想象或与事实相反的假设，其谓语动词形式与陈述语气不同。 一、 if引导的虚拟条件句 ★真实条件句：If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty. 真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。 注：在真实条件句中，主句只能用shall, will表示将来，在表示真理时，主句谓语动词用一般现在时。 ★ 非真实条件句 在if引导的非真实条件句中，其假设分三种情况：与现在事实相反、与过去事实相反、与将来事实相反。 虚拟情况 If条件句 结果主句 与现在事实相反If+主语+动词过去式(be用were)主语+would (should, could, might)+动词原形 与过去事实相反If+主语+had+动词的过去分词主语+would (should, could, might)+had+动词的过去分词 与将来事实相反 +should+动词原形 If+主语 +were+动词原形主语+would (should, could, might)+动词原形 +动词的过去式 1.与现在事实相反的假设 If I were a bird, I should fly in the sky. 2. 与过去事实相反的假设 If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him. 3. 与将来事实相反的假设 If he were to come here tomorrow, I would tell him. 注：虚拟条件句中有were, had, should时, 可把if省略,而把were, had, should放在主语前,用倒装结构, 这种结构主要用于书面语中. 如: If it were necessary, I might resign. →Were it necessary, I might resign. 二混合条件句 主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主句和条件从句的动词要根据句意采用不同的时态。 If I were you, I would have taken his advice. ( if从句表示与现在事实相反，主句表示与过去事实相反) If it had rained last night, it would be very cold today. (if 从句表示与过去事实相反，主句表示与现在事实相反) If we shouldn t have an exam this afternoon. I would go shopping now. (if从句表示将来，主句表示现在) 三虚拟语气的运用 1. 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用。在名词性从句中，虚拟语气的形式为“(should) + 动词原形” 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用 1). “wish+宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是……就好了”等。 a．表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式 eg. I wish I had your brains. 我希望我有你那样的头脑。（事实：我根本就比不上你） b. 表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词：had+done (动词的过去分词) eg. I wish I had known the truth of the matter. 我希望我原来知道这件事的真相。(事实：原来不知道) c. 表示将来难以实现的愿望（could/would/might+动词原形） eg. I wish I could have a change again. 2). 在一想要(desire)二宁愿(prefer)三命令(order, command)四建议(advise, suggest, propose)五要求(demand, require, request,