doing_experiment 终板.pptVIP

Often it is difficult to separate out variables from one another satisfactorily. Confounding variables are undesirable features of experiments. We should avoid this kind of variable in experiment. e.g. a groupwork task and groupwork seating position. The measurable task performance refers to both independent and dependent variables: Both have to be: Precisely defined Clearly identifiable e.g. IV: intelligence DV: mark There should be sufficient participants to ensure a meaningful difference between the whole class and the subgroups.(average for 30) The comparison between the same students at different times The comparison which is between two different groups. The representativeness of the subjects. Assign subjects to the different treatment groups at random. Matching the students as closely as possible by having them to do some types of tests. Effects of order of presentation of the experimental treatments would have to be counterbalanced. It refers to the internal validity. We can see the internal validity from the following aspects: 1.Is specific hypothesis consistent with the research question? 2.Are the measurements really the right measures? 3.Can rival interpretations be eliminated? 4.Does the result make sense in terms of the hypothesis? For the teacher questioning issue mentioned above; For investigation of the motivating effects of authentic and contrived material; For a study of the teacher’s optimum handling of latecomers of the class; And a whole host of manageable questions. 1. Experiment on methodology for teaching reading 2.Feedback on writing Carrel et al. (1989) conducted a study comparing the effectiveness of two kinds of reading strategy training. IV: semantic mapping experience-text-relationship DV: gain scores MV: a questionnaire giving a picture of the individual differences among the students There were statistically significant advantages for the strategy training treatments over