知识衔接系列(一)句子结构
初高中英语知识衔接 WELCOME 什么是句子? 句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的,是能表达一个完整概念的语言单位.句子的第一个字母必须大写,结尾要有.? ! I am a teacher. Are you a student? How beautiful the girl is ! 句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。 英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)同位语(appositive)。 一主语(subject) The young should respect the old. What he has said is true. 主语是一个句子中所要表达,描述的人或物,是句子叙述的主体。可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。 二 谓语 谓语 (Predicate) 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下: 一 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 二 复合谓语 :由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing 三 表语(Predicative) 表语(Predicative)用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份 四 宾语 Object动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语 有些动词可以接双宾语,双宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人. He gave me some books. 常接双宾语的动词: give sb sth hand sb sth pass sb sth show sb sth bring sb sth teach sb sth tell sb sth write sb sth read sb sth send sb sth 找出句子的宾语补足语 They made him captain of the ship We found her busy. I found the story interesting. She could feel her heart beating violently. 五 定语 定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示。定语常位于被修饰的成分前。但修饰不定代词时要后置 形容词作定语: The little boy needs a blue pen. (little修饰名词boy;blue修饰名词pen.)/小男孩需要一支兰色的钢笔。 Tom is a handsome boy./Tom是个英俊的男孩。 There is a good boy./有个乖男孩。 数词作定语相当于形容词: Two boys need two pens. 两个男孩需要两支钢笔。 代词或名词所有格作定语: His boy needs Toms pen.他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。 分词(短语)作定语: The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother. 副词作定语: The boy there needs a pen. 那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。 There is nothing to do today.不定式作定语 今天无事要做。 定语从句: The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday. 那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。 副词(短语)作状语: He go to school happily. The book is very interesting. The boy needs a pen very much. 男孩非常需要一支钢笔。(程度状语) The boy needs a pen now.(时间状语) In the classroom, the boy needs a pen./在教室里,男
原创力文档

文档评论(0)