gage 高英.pptx

The introduction to Phineas P. Gage  Portraits The second portrait of Gage to be identified (2010) Background Phineas P. Gage (1823 – May 21, 1860) was an American railroad construction foreman remembered for his improbable survival of an accident in which a large iron rod was driven completely through his head, destroying much of his brains left frontal lobe, and for that injurys reported effects on his personality and behavior over the remaining twelve years of his life—​effects so profound that friends saw him as no longer Gage. Background Gage was the first of five children born to Jesse Eaton Gage and Hannah Trussell (Swetland) Gage, of Grafton County, New Hampshire. Little is known about his upbringing and education beyond that he was literate. Town doctor John Martyn Harlow described Gage as a perfectly healthy, strong and active young man, twenty-five years of age, average weight one hundred and fifty pounds ,possessing an iron will as well as an iron frame; muscular system unusually well developed—​having had scarcely a days illness from his childhood to the date of his injury.“ He is known to have worked on construction of the Hudson River Railroad  and by the time of his accident he was a blasting foreman on railway construction projects. His employers described him as most efficient and capable foreman ... a shrewd, smart business man, very energetic and persistent in executing all his plans of operation. Accident On September 13, 1848, a 25-year-old railroad foreman named Phineas Gage was injured in a horrific accident. While using an iron rod to tamp explosive powder into a hole, the powder ignited and sent the 43-inch long rod hurtling upward. The rod pierced through Gages cheek, passing though the frontal lobe of his brain before exiting the top of his skull and landing approximately 80 feet away. Amazingly, Gage not only survived the accident, his experience went on to become one of the earliest and most famous cases in the emerging field of neur