英语句法分析--长句分析.ppt

英语句法长句分析 张彪 概述 句子结构由两部分组成：主干和修饰成分 主干指主谓宾或主系表 修饰成分有三种： 1--单词，主要是形容词和副词；2--短语，主要是介词短语；3--从句，主要是定语从句和状语从句。 先找修饰成分，再找主干成分 实例 while warnings are often appropriate and necessary---the dangers of drug interactions, for example---and many are required by state or federal regulations, it isnt clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is unjured. 结构分析： 主从复合句，that引导的主语从句是真正的主语，while引导的让步状语从句里面是一个并列句，第一个分句后插入一个破折号进一步说明。that引导的主语从句中含有一个条件状语从句if a customer is unjured 参考译文 while warnings are often appropriate and necessary---the dangers of drug interactions, for example---and many are required by state or federal regulations, it isnt clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is unjured. 虽然警告语经常是合情合理的和必要的----如有关药物副作用带来的危害的警告，而且许多是州或联邦政府所要求的，但是，如果顾客受到伤害，它们能否确实保护生产者和经销商免于责任，这并不清楚。 第一节 定语从句 定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，其作用是做定语修饰主句的某个成分，功能上相当于一个做定语的形容词 1.抓住先行词 I dont suppose anything happens that he doesnt foresee 先行词 anything 与关系代词that被suppose的宾语从句中的谓语动词happens所隔开。 2.分析先行词在定语从句中所充当的成分 连词作用 代词作用 a. I will never forget the time when we first met in the park b. I will never forget the time which I spent on campus 虽然先行词是 the time，但所用关系词不同，原因在于先行词在定语从句中所充当的成分不一样。 定语从句区别于that同位语从句 a.） The rumor that he spread everywhere turned out to be untrue. b. ) The rumor that Tome was a thief turned out to be untrue. a 句that充当spread 的宾语，故为定语从句 b 句中的that在从句中不做任何成分，做rumor的同位语，补充说明the rumor的具体内容 2005真题句 As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive--there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas. -----主句 he acknowledges, that后的宾语从句中 all varieties of human language 是主语，can be powerfully expressive是系表，including是插入语，破折号后面的句子对于宾语从句起到解释说明作用，that can not convey complex ideas 是一个定语从句，修饰no language or dialect 佳句妙译 As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language,