英文学术论文写作方法.ppt

Introduction to the Course Chapter 1 Week 9 Our learning focus will be on the following two points: The macro-structure (moves and steps) of each section or chapter (the second section of chapters in this book, e.g. P10-16, P31-40, etc) the tense and voice of each section or chapter (e.g. P27,P52, P83, etc) Why reading, translation, and writing? The purpose of reading practice is to digest the lecture; while the purpose of translation is to make you become alert with the different sentence structures of the Chinese and English languages; and the so-called writing practice is for you to have a chance to translate the sections of your own article into English. Genre：语类，语体，体裁，即根据写作目的把天下文章归类划分的行为。 Swales (1990)： A class of communicative events, the members of which share some set of communicative purposes. Bhatia(1993)：A recognizable communicative event characterized by a set of communicative purposes identified and mutually understood by the members of the professional academic community in which it regularly occurs. Most often it is highly structured and conventionalized. 例如可以分为表达性文体、说理性文体、文学性文体、指示性文体。 Persuasive, argumentative (to persuade, to argue), Rather than expository, or informative (to tell, to inform) It is a combination of informing and persuasion. Informing + persuasion Informing is the means, while persuasion is the end.要想让人相信你的主观看法(结论)，必须对客观事物(研究过程和结果)做出最精准、为同行所接受的客观描述。 学术论文属于说理性文体，或说理性语类。 但其中有很大部分是说明性的，这种informative 和persuasive相结合的特点贯穿于论文全文。例如，在方法和结果部分，主要是说明性（告诉事实）的，尽量客观地叙述采用了什么方法，得出了什么结果；但到了讨论、结论部分，就得参杂作者的主观色彩了，即对研究结果进行解释,并得出结论。 在对某个genre进行分析时，两人都把它细化为两个概念, moves, steps。Move is a functional component, as basic element of a genre, which contributes to fulfilling the overall purpose of the genre. Step is regarded as a lower level unit of genre chosen to realize move. 名词解释 P1 模糊限制语：hedges,指一些单词或者短语，使得本来很确定的意思变得不太肯定，例如：I bit of like him. The journalist seems to doubt the credibility of Putin’s commitment P2 矛盾统一体：既是现有体系之一部分，又发展、改进或者推翻了现有知识体系; 与