高中英语必修3 unit3 grammara.ppt

现在完成时的被动语态的用法 1.表示一个被动的动作发生在说话之前,强调对现在造成的影响和结果. The door has been locked.?? 2.表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去,持续到现在,并可能持续下去,常与for 或since引导的时间状语连用,或用于How long...?句型中. The important problem has been discussed for nearly two weeks. How long has the machine been used? 二、现在完成时的被动语态应注意的几个问题 ? 1.请注意现在完成时的被动语态的两个助动词,即have/has和been,两者缺一不可。 2. 请注意与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系,而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在情况的联系. The bridge was built last year. 这桥是去年建成的。 The bridge has been built.? 这桥已经建好了。 3.请注意一些特殊动词,如borrow, finish, begin, buy, start, return, marry, open, join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思,则需改换动词或时态。如: [误] How long has this book been bought? [正] How long ago was this book bought? 但这类动词的否定式可表示动作的持续过程,具有连续性,因而可与since或for引导的时间状语连用。如: No books have been bought since last week. 自上周以来,没有人来买过书。 * Discovering useful structures As the years have gone by, I have been made smaller and smaller. my family and I have been used by billions of people to deal with Information------ I have truly been built to serve the human race------ 现在完成时的被动语态（have/has + been+过去分词） A calculating machine; replace The buildings; destroy ; earthquake A calculating machine has been replaced with the laptop. The buildings have been destroyed in an earthquake. A calculating machine has been replaced with the laptop. The buildings have been destroyed in an earthquake. 3. The sports meeting has already been held in our school. Do the underlined parts have something in common? Discovering: has/have been done 现在完成时 被动语态 现在完成时的被动语态 1构成： 主动语态 被动语态 现在完成时 have/has done He has been sent to study the new technology in the company. The dirty clothes have not been washed. Have the windows been cleaned? How many shopping centers have been built in this city? The Present Perfect Passive Voice 　　（现在完成时的被动语态） have/has been done Learning the structure: Someone has told me the sports meet might be put off. We have brought down th