BK6 教师用书 Unit 7.docVIP

Unit 7 How to Get the Poor off Our Conscience John Kenneth Galbraith Structure of the Text Part I (Paras.1-2) The author begins with an analysis of ways of “getting the poor off our conscience”. Part II (Paras. 3-9) Five solutions offered historically and the author’s critique of these solutions. The solutions are arranged in chronological order. The solution proposed in the Bible. (Para. 3) The solution offered by utilitarianism. (Para. 4) The solution offered by Malthusianism. (Paras. 5 and 6) The solution offered by Social Darwinism. (Paras.7 and 8) The argument that public assistance to the poor interferes with the effective operation of the economic system. (Para. 9) Part III (Paras. 10-11) Transition: Roosevelt’s New Deal and the social welfare policies of the post-World War II presidents seemed to have solved the problem. But actually the matter was only temporarily held in place. Part IV (Paras. 12-19) A critical analysis of five current designs to get the poor off our conscience. The first design is that since the government is incompetent it should not be asked to aid the poor. (Paras. 12-13) The second design is that any form of public help to the poor hurts the poor. (Paras. 14-15) The third design is that public help to the poor will reduce the incentive of the rich to work and encourage the lethargy of the idle. (Para. 16) The fourth design is that public help to the poor will have an adverse effect on freedom. (Paras. 17-18) The fifth design is psychological denial. (Para. 19) Part V (Para. 20) Summary of the five designs and the popularity of the advocates of these designs. Part VI (Para. 21) Conclusion: The author points out that public assistance to the poor is in the interest of the rich. It is a conservative course of action. Detailed Study of the Text 1. I would like to reflect on one of the oldest of human exercises... (Para. 1) Question: What does the author want to reflect on? The author wants to discuss how people have been trying