专题13 主谓一致和倒装句概要1.ppt

一、语法一致原则 主语和谓语通常是在语法形式上取得一致，即主语是单数形式时，谓语动词也采用单数形式；主语是复数形式时，谓语动词也采用复数形式。 当and或both…and…链接两个或三个名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如： Tom and Mike are good friends Both Lucy and Lily are students. 不定代词either，neither，each one，the other，another，anybody，anyone，anything，someone，somebody，something，everyone，everybody，everything，nobody，no one，nothing等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如： Is there anything wrong with your bike? Everyone is ready for the sports meeting. 由each，each…and，each…，every…and，every…作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如： Each boy and each girl was given a new book. 主语后接有with，along with，together，with，as well as，no less than，more than，including，besides，like，except，but等词或短语时，谓语动词的数由主语的单、复数形式决定。如： Mr. Green with his wife and two daughters is coming to Beijing. a number of + 名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；the number of + 名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如： A number of trees were cut down. The number of students in our class is 32. “a lot of (lots of，plenty of，a pile of，piles of，most of) + 名词”和“分数或百分数 + 名词”等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于名词，如果是不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果是可数名词复数，则谓语动词用复数形式。如： Lots of people have been there. 由“a pair( a kind，a series…) + of +复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；“pairs（kinds…）+ of + 复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如： A pair of sunglasses is lying on the table. Fifteen pairs of shoes are made each day. 某些只有复数形式的名词（如clothes，trousers，shorts，pants，shoes，gloves…）作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如： My shoes were worn out. 不定式或动词-ing形式做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如： Reading is learning. To see is to believe. 二、意义一致原则 意义一致又叫概念一致，即位于动词用单数还是复数要看主语所表达的概念。 由and链接的两个名词作主语，如果是指同一概念（即and后面无冠词），则谓语动词用单数形式。如： The teacher and writer is coming to give us a talk next week. The singer and dancer has been invited to the party. 表示度量、价格、时间、长度的复数名词、词组作主语时，一般被看作一个整体，谓语动词常用单数形式。如： Three years is a long time. Fifty yuan was paid to Mr. Green. 集体名词（如family，team，crowd，company，class，group，government…）如果表示整体概念，则谓语动词须用单数形式，如果表示集体中的成员，则谓语动词须用复数形式。如: My family is a small one with three people. People，police，cattle等集合名词作主语时，谓语动词须用复数形式。如： The police are helping a girl find her mother. 算式中加法和乘法可用单数，也可用复数，但减法和除法必须用单数。如： What is