以德行论探讨伦理议题之优势与限制.PPT

* * * * 德行是一種人格的特性，我們需要這種這性，讓生活更至善幸福? ?2兩位學者表示公正與仁慈是德行（包括友善誠實及知識） * 德行是一種日常生活的常識，追求獲得景仰及敬佩 * 德行論所要求的善是最優的善（excellent）而非要求最大最好的結果（the very best possible consequences）道德上正確的行為在於維護或促進價值的實現，重視真善而非結果之量化多寡。 * 如果不知道怎樣算是一個有德性的行為者，那該如何去訂定甚麼是基本的德性？ 如果不知道甚麼是對的行為，那麼是否可能建立德性行為者的標準？ 德行的概念是否詳細清楚以作為公正的標準 * 以德行論探討倫理議題之優勢與限制 蔡慧姬 * 綱要 Foreword The Rise of Virtue Ethics What is Virtue Ethics? Strength of Virtue Ethics ？ Weakness of Virtue Ethics？ * 前言 Revitalization of virtue ethics in 20th century Modern Moral Philosophy in 1958 Work on virtue-based approaches began until the early 1980s Now be recognized as an alternative to the mainstream of ethics * The Rise of Virtue Ethics德行倫理緣由 Dissatisfaction with mainstream ethics theories 對目的論和義務論的不滿 Reaction to consumerist movement in health care 消費者健康照護需求改變 * Dissatisfaction with mainstream ethics theories (1) Consequentialist and Kantian theory 1.只重視義務和道德原則： 似乎道德生活的主要工作就是應用原則 “我應該做什麼？” 2.道德原則：過於抽象、模糊不清 * Dissatisfaction with mainstream ethics theories (2) 3. 正確、錯誤、義務、可允許等詞彙 4.忽略了人與人之間的關係 5.功利論述倫理的議題 6. 不強調生活中良善的動機 * Reaction to consumerist movement in health care 尊重病人自主權 重要的內在特質 病人的代言人 必須以病人的立場去思考 * What is Virthe Ethics? * Six keys of Virtue Ethics? (1) An action is right if and only if it is what an agent with a virtuous character would do in the circumstances. 一個具有道德人格的人在不同情境之下都會表現出正當的行為 * Six keys of Virtue Ethics? (2) Aristotelian - The virtues are character traits which we need to live humanly flourishing. Foot(1978)Hursthouse(1987) -Benevolence and justice are virtues which includes friendship, integrity and knowledge * Six keys of Virtue Ethics? (3) Micheal Slote(1992) -The virtues from our common sense view about what character traits we typically find admirable * What is Virtue Ethics？（4） The virtues are objectively good. Based on connections with essential human characteristics Admirable Agent desires * What is Virtue Ethics？ (5) Goo