第五章气体成分检测.ppt

* LEL and UEL Another aspect of combustion of a substance is the fact that the combustible gas has to be present in a vaporous condition. The vapor pressure is for each combustible gas different and it gives you an idea what it means. Another aspect is the self ignition temperature, which is the temperature in which the gas “spontaneously” ignites. You can think of the formula 1 racing. We had a few years ago the incident with the “Benetton” team. A driver went into the pitlane for refueling. One of the engineers spilled fuel on the bodywork of the racing car and the liquid dripped on a part of the engine which was very hot. The immediate result of this spilling was a big fire. The car was completely destroyed. The driver escaped and happily without serious wounds . * Flashpoint The lowest temperature at atmospherically pressure (1013 mbar), at what a liquid so much combustible vapor produces (at or near the liquid surface), that this vapor, intensively mixed with air, can be ignited by a flame or sparkle. * Flashpoint Determines the amount of vapor Low vapor pressure means less molecules to detect or ignite Low vapor is less hazardous * * LEL and UEL We saw that every substance has got a certain explosive range and that is only possible when the situation is complete with a mixture of gases. That mixture must contain combustible gas and oxygen. This only fact is not enough, because this mixture must be in the right proportion as well. When the proportion between combustible gas and oxygen is not between two known parameters, there is no beginning of combustion. The third parameter in this story is the ignition. With the right ignition energy the right temperature will be reached, so that the reaction can take place. * * Explosive limits of several combustible gases in air Methane is lighter than air and should not be looked for on the ground. Nonane and Propane are heavier than air. Below Lower Explosive Limit - not enough fuel to ignite Above Upper Ex