动词的时与体.ppt

动词的时、体、态、式概说 时（tense) 体（aspect） 态（voice） 式（mood） 1. 动词的时和体 时 tense——表示时间区别的动词形式 现代英语只有现在时和过去时 体 aspect—— 动作在一定时间内处于何种状态的动词形式，有两种： 进行体（progressive aspect） 完成体（perfective aspect） 时和体相互结合，组成英语中的8种时、体形式 Simple present Simple past Present progressive Past progressive 2. 主动语态active voice和被动语态passive voice 由get + -ed构成的passive voice: The boy got hurt on his way home. In the end he got invited. get-型被动态与be-型被动态在基本语义上无甚区别，但get-型被动态常用来表示某些未曾预料的突发事件，或是用于In the end…, Eventually…, At last…等连接性状语之后表示某种结局。 3. 陈述句、祈使句、虚拟式 式（mood）/ 语气： 区别说话人以何种口气说话的动词形式 陈述式 indicative mood 祈使式 imperative mood 虚拟式 subjunctive mood Simple present The earth rotates on its axis. He always sleeps with his windows open. What’s the matter with you? You look pale. Harper passes the ball to Jennings; Jennings shoots and the goalkeeper leaps for it but---yes, it’s a goal. I hope she likes the flower. I bet it rains tomorrow. I’ll see to it that you don’t get lost. If it is fine tomorrow, we’ll go to the countryside. Alice tells me you’re entering college next year. Simple past He left ten minutes ago. In those days they sowed wheat by hand. He lived in Shanghai for 20 years. He has lived in Shanghai for 20 years. A: Did you want me? B: Yes, I wondered if you could give me some help. 6. It’s time you had a holiday. 7. I wish you lived closer to us. 8. If only I were rich. 9. If I had the money now, I’d buy a car. The Farmer and the Donkey One day a farmer’s donkey fell down into a well. The animal cried piteously for hours as the farmer tried to figure out what to do. Finally he decided the animal was old and the well needed to be covered up anyway and it just wasn’t worth it to retrieve the donkey. He invited all his neighbours to come over and help him. They all grabbed a shovel and began to shovel dirt into the well. At first, the donkey realized what