动词的时和体(二)概要1.ppt

I. Uses of present perfective 1. have/ has + ed分词构成 2. 两个主要用法：已完成用法；未完成用法 I have eaten my dinner. (发生在过去某时的动作到现在已经完成。) He has lived here for 10 years/ since 1999. (发生在过去某时的动作一直持续到现在有 可能继续。) * * Key Points: Uses of present perfective (progressive) 2. Uses of past perfective (progressive) 3. 区别：已完成用法通常不与段时间连用，未完成用法常与段时间连用。 I have finished my homework. 已完成用法 I have known him for 8 years. 未完成用法 II. Uses of present perfective progressive 1. have/ has been +ing分词构成 2. 用法与现在完成体未完成用法相仿，可以互换 He has lived here for 10 years. He has been living here for 10 years. (强调一种持续性) 3. 不能互换，比较： Who has eaten my dinner? （全吃光） Who has been eating my dinner? （有剩余） Example: 我工作了整整一天。 I have been working all day. 我学英语学了好些年了。 I have been learning English for quite a few years. 我真累了。我一直在打羽毛球，我已经很长时间没打。 I am really tired. I have been playing badminton. I haven’t played for a long time. 我认识这位作家有些年了，我一直都在读他写的小说。 I have known this writer for several years. I have been reading his novels. III. Uses of past perfective 1. had + ed 分词构成 2. 两个主要用法：已完成用法；未完成用法 相对的时间是过去：过去的过去，在过去某时之前发生的动作。 I had eaten my dinner before they came. 已完成 He told me that he had lived here for 10 years. 未完成 Example: 当我们到达操场的时候，比赛已经开始了。 When we got to / reached the playground, the match/game had begun. 我还没来得及向他解释，他就走了。 Before I explained to him, he had left. IV. Uses of past perfective progressive 1. had been+ ing 分词构成 2. 与现在完成进行体用法相仿，只是时间推移 到了过去。 Example: 在他大学毕业之前，他一直在努力地学习电脑。 Before he graduated from the college, he had been making efforts to learn computer. 在老师到来之前，我已经在教室呆了五分钟了。 By the time the teacher came, I had been staying in the classroom for 5 minutes. 3. when/ before/ after/ until 引导的分句中过去完成体的用法。 表示动作先后，可以互换： When they came, I had eaten my dinner. I had eaten my dinner before they came. After I had eaten my dinner, they came. They didn’t come until I had eaten my dinner. By the time t