十四节课串讲四六级语法第二讲.pptVIP

虚拟语气 虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。 一、虚拟语气的概念 　 　　虚拟条件句 　　　主句 与现在事实相反的假设 与过去相反的假设 与将来相反的假设 If+主语+动词的过去式 （动词be用were) 主语+should,would, might,could＋动词 原形 If+主语+had +过去分词 主语＋should, would, might, could ＋have done 1、If+主语+动词过去式 2、If+主语+were to+ 动词原形 3、If+主语+should +动词原形 主语＋should, would might, could＋动词 原形 二 基本的三种情况 1、表示与现在事实相反的情况： 　　从句：If 主语+过去时(Be动词用were) 　　主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do 　　eg：　 　　1．If I were you,I would take an umbrella. 　　2．If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you. 　　3．If there were no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth 2、表示与过去事实相反的情况 　　从句：If 主语+had+done 　　主句：主语+should/would/could/might+have done　 　　eg： 　　1． If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 　　2．If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 3、表示对将来情况的主观推测　　 　　主句：主语+should/could/would/might + do　 　　从句：①if+主语+were to do 　　 ②if+主语+should/would/could/might + do 　　 ③if+主语+did（动词过去式）/were 　　e g： 　　1．If he should come here tomorrow , I would talk to him. 　　2．If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 　　3．If she were to be here next Monday , I would tell her about the matter. 三、使用虚拟条件句要注意的几点： １．有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。 　 ①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。 　　e g： 　　If I had worked hard at school ,I would be an engineer ,too . 　　If they had informed us , we would not come here now. 　　②从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。 　　如： 　　If he were free today , we would have sent him to Beijing. 。 　　If he knew her , he would have greeted her. ． ． 2当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were ,should ,had 时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were ,should , had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。E g： ① Should he agree to go there , we would send him there. ② Were she here , she would agree with us. ③ Had he learnt about computers , we would have hired him to work here.。 　3、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式