文法与表达.pptxVIP

文法与表达;一篇论文的存在不仅取决于作者对研究发现和数据的记录与解释，同时也取决于读者对论文的理解。 对于非英语母语的作者来说，英语的表达水平不仅有可能影响到论文的有效交流，而且很可能直接影响到其稿件能否比录用或及时发表。存在的主要问题为：。句子内容的连贯性不好，论述的逻辑性不强，语法的正确程度不高，作者熟练使用语言表达观点的能力较差，论文中各部分的组织结构及层次不够分明;9.1 选词;单词应用举例： affect effect impact affect: 动词，相当于influence, modify, change; effect: 作动词时相当于bring about；作名词时相当于consequence, outcome, result; impact: 名词，相当于a significant effect.例如： The increased use of pesticides affects agricultural productivity. The use of polychlorinated benzenes has an effect on the cancer rate. The effect of the added acid was negligible. The new procedure effected a 50% increase in yield.;The impact of pesticide use on health is felt throughout the world. The acid did not have a great impact on the reaction rate. although 表转折时，避免用具较强时间含义的“while”代替“although”.如： While the reactions of the anion were solvent-dependent, the corresponding reactions of the substituted derivatives were not. ;Although the reactions of the anion were solvent-dependent, the corresponding reactions of the substituted derivatives were not. The reactions of the anion were solvent-dependent, but (or whereas) the corresponding reactions of the substituted derivatives were not.;表示时间概念时用while,否则用and 或 although He continued the traverse while I collected samples. At the conference the terrain scientist gave a talk on sampling procedures and (not while) the geophysicist spoke on new instrumentation. Although (not while) we found no evidence of fossils in the field, laboratory analysis revealed an abundant fauna.;among,between 用“between”表示两个对象之间；“among”表示3个或多个对象之间， Communications between scientists and the public is essential. Communications among scientists, educators, and the public is essential. Communications among scientists is essential. 用于只分为两类之间的多个项目时，用between.如： We found coal between the beds of shale.(页岩） Saskatchewan（萨斯喀彻温省）lies between Alberta亚伯达, Manitoba马尼托巴湖, the Northwest Territories, and the United States. ;and, or;Assure,ensure,insure;because;fewer, less;greater than , more tha