文化的比喻.pptVIP

Intercultural Communication  CONTENTS 1. The Cultural Iceberg 2. The Cultural Onion 3. The Culture in our Own Story 4. Culture by Chinese 5. Culture by Americans 1.The Cultural Iceberg Culture Like an Iceberg a. Objective culture: history, literature, and customs. ( visible, small part) b. Subjective culture: feelings and attitudes about things. (invisible, large part ) Cultural Iceberg 2. The Cultural Onion Geert Hefestede a social psychologist and behavioural scientist in 1991 came up with this explanation of culture. In his view, culture is like an onion: a system that can be peeled, layer by layer, in order to reveal the content. Imagine the whole onion as ‘culture’ and as you peel on, you see different levels which work on and influence culture (in any particular society). Seven Layers Three Levels 1) artifacts 2) behavior 3) feelings 4) values 5) beliefs 6) worldview 7) ultimate allegiance Seven Layers Three Levels 1) Foundational level 2) Evaluating level 3) Actualizing level 3.The Culture in our Own Story 5)?Culture is the story we tell ourselves about ourselves. a. Every cultural group has a story for understanding who they are and what the world is like. b.The story is told in their folklore arts, in politics and in intimate conversation. c. What is significant is that people tell the story to show themselves and others who they are. 4. The Culture Understood by Chinese The Culture by Chinese a. writer or speaker shows her learning by quoting famous people from the past. b. a treasure of great works and cultural achievements “Having Culture” In the 1950s, a graduate from middle school, even primary school; In the 1960s, a graduate from senior high school; In the 1970s, graduates from middle schools went to the rural areas to be reeducated by the peasants there; In the 1980s, university students; In the 1990s