斯伦贝谢petrel教程3.ppt

Overview - Chapter 1 PETREL 2003 Isochore processing - Extra Structure grid-to-well tie Surface operations (2D grids) Surface operations Lecture and exercise purpose Purpose: Learn how to perform operations on surfaces and between surfaces. You will learn to: Manipulate a surface using Surface Operations Calculate azimuth and dip values from a surface Use the surface calculator Build rock gross thickness grids Calculate volume between surfaces Areal calculations Inside polygon For defined nodes in a grid Surface operations Surface Operations Contains tools for manipulating on existing surfaces Rotate and smooth Extrapolate Expand and shrink Flip values Shift values Merge surfaces Surface operations 2D Volume processing; General procedure Given top and base structure grids Incorporate fluid contacts into top and/or base grids Build gross rock thickness grid Discount gross rock thickness by N:G, Phi, and (1-Sw) Calculate volume for positive thickness Calculate area for positive thickness Volume processing (2D Grids)Top and base structure grids Should define the zone of interest Should not contain missing node values over area of interest No volumes for missing nodes Fault gaps should be filled with nodes Should be tied to the top picks Volume processing (2D Grids) Incorporate Fluid Contacts Volume processing (2D Grids) Build gross rock thickness grid 1. Open the Surface calculator (right click on a surface and select calculator) Volume processing (2D Grids)Petrophysical parameters Common petrophysical parameters are: Net-to-gross Porosity Water saturation (used as 1-Sw) Parameters represent average value for zone May be either constant or grid Z-range between 0.0 and 1.0 (ratio) If percent then divide by 100 If outside 0-1 range then clip Volume processing (2D Grids)Build hydrocarbon pore thickness Gross thickness * Net-to-gross = net thickness Net thickness * Porosity = pore thickness Pore thickness * (1 – Water saturation) = hydrocarbon pore thickness