曼昆经济学原理微观部分课件第一章.ppt

教师简介 三五的第四年出生在湖南，五五的第二年在江西上小学，六五的第二年考上省重点初中，六五的末年考上同一所中学的高中，七五的第三年高中毕业后，保送本校学习计划经济学。八五的第二年大学本科毕业，是以计划经济学系毕业的最后一届学生。八五的末年研究生毕业留校工作。九五的第四年赴日本东京工业大学留学，十五的第三年未获博士学位回国，回国之后，在本校教书至今，并从十五的末年开始，在职攻读博士学位。 * * * * * * * * * 9 * 10 * 10 * 11 * 12 * 15 * 16 * 16 * 17 * 18 * 21 * 21 * 21 * 23 * 24 * * * Copyright ? 2004 South-Western/Thomson Learning Copyright ? 2004 South-Western/Thomson Learning PowerPoint? Lecture Presentation to accompany Principles of Economics, Third Edition N. Gregory Mankiw Prepared by Mark P. Karscig, Central Missouri State University. 1 INTRODUCTION 1 Ten Principles of Economics Economy. . . . . . The word economy comes from a Greek word for “one who manages a household.” TEN PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICS A household and an economy face many decisions: Who will work? What goods and how many of them should be produced? What resources should be used in production? At what price should the goods be sold? TEN PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICS Society and Scarce Resources: The management of society’s resources is important because resources are scarce. Scarcity. . . means that society has limited resources and therefore cannot produce all the goods and services people wish to have. TEN PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICS Economics is the study of how society manages its scarce resources. TEN PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICS How people make decisions. People face tradeoffs. The cost of something is what you give up to get it. Rational people think at the margin. People respond to incentives. TEN PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICS How people interact with each other. Trade can make everyone better off. Markets are usually a good way to organize economic activity. Governments can sometimes improve economic outcomes. TEN PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICS The forces and trends that affect how the economy as a whole works. The standard of living depends on a country’s production. Prices rise when the government prints too much money. Society faces a short-run tradeoff between inflation and unemployme