机械工程专业英语第8课.ppt

TECHNICAL ENGLISH MECHANICAL ENGINEERING YAN NU Education is not to reform students...or to make them expert technicians. It is to unsettle their minds, widen their horizons, inflame their intellects, teach them to think straight.” 远离抄袭和作弊！！！ 11月13日，英国纽卡斯尔大学宣布开除50名涉嫌伪造留学申请文件的中国籍学生，其中包括33名攻读硕士和17名攻读本科的学生。校方发现大量申请材料是经过伪造的。 学术作弊是非常严重的问题，抄袭、剽窃他人的学术成果都属于学术作弊，不仅仅关系到个人对待学问的态度问题，还关系到个人的品质问题。 平时在网上下载或者参考他人的作业内容，都不会被谴责或者受到严厉的处分。但在外国读书，尤其要加强“知识产权”意识。在需要引用别人的观点或者材料时必须注明，如果不标清资料来源，就很可能被看作剽窃（plagiarism?）他人作品。 8 Motor 8 Motor 8 Motor A machine which makes energy available for doing continuous mechanical work. The form of energy commonly utilized include heat, electricity, and gravity, but they require to be converted into forms which will produce pressure, traction, or some other mechanical force. There is always some loss of useful energy in the process of conversion, and the mechanical efficiency (of) a motor is affected by this loss. 8 Motor Motors were formerly divided into two classes: prime movers, which will start on their own once a source of low-grade energy has been supplied, and secondary motors which requires to be started by a prime mover. In this sense a steam engine is a prime mover, but a motor-car engine is not; an electric motor is not considered as a prime mover because it requires the prior generation of an electric current by other means. The distinction, however, is not a rigorous one, and the term ‘prime mover’ is now often loosely use to mean any artificial source of power. 8 Motor Common usage has also tended to limit the term ‘motor’ to clockwork. electric, and rocket motors , almost all other forms being described as engines. Most of the traditional kinds of motor apply their energy through rotating parts, and even the jet-engine has rotating components; but solid-fuel rocket motors and linear electric-motor have no rotating parts. The motors themselves moving as free units under the direct actio